ArticleTobacco control2019
Evaluating the impact and equity of a tobacco-free pharmacy law on retailer density in New York City neighbourhoods.
Article in Tobacco control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2025Pooled it
- Simulating the Impact of Zoning Policies on Equitably Reducing Neighborhood Tobacco Retailer Availability.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Using standalone pharmacies to reduce tobacco retailer availability: neighbourhood associations and two competing policy options in four US states.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Modelling how age-restricted location policies would impact tobacco retailer density in four US states: California, Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Examining the implementation of court-ordered cigarette 'corrective statements' displayed in a regional sample of US tobacco retailers.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region.Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Patterns of tobacco retailer counts by zoning designations and sociodemographic characteristics in Oklahoma City and Tulsa, Oklahoma.Health & place · 2025Article
- Redesigning Pharmacy to Improve Public Health Outcomes: Expanding Retail Spaces for Digital Therapeutics to Replace Consumer Products That Increase Mortality and Morbidity Risks.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact and Equity of New York City's Tobacco Retail Reduction Initiative.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Ex ante evaluation of the impact of tobacco control policy measures aimed at the point of sale in the Netherlands.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- The impact of cigar pack size and pricing policies on youth and adult cigar use in the US.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Policies regulating retail environment to reduce tobacco availability: A scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Documenting the Impact Potential of a Menthol Cigarette Ban at Point-of-Sale: A Photograph-Based Analysis of the Presence and Placement of Menthol Versus Regular Cigarette Packs on the Shelves of Tobacco Retail Outlets in New York City.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Reducing the number and types of tobacco retail outlets in the Netherlands: Study protocol for a comprehensive mixedmethods policy evaluation.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Variations in Tobacco Retailer Type Across Community Characteristics: Place Matters.Preventing chronic disease · 2022Article
- Retail endgame strategies: reduce tobacco availability and visibility and promote health equity.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- Reducing Exposure to Tobacco Retailers with Residential Zoning Policy: Insights from a Geospatial Analysis of Wilmington, Delaware.Cities & health · 2022Article
- Evaluating how licensing-law strategies will impact disparities in tobacco retailer density: a simulation in Ohio.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Boosting the Tobacco Control Vaccine: recognizing the role of the retail environment in addressing tobacco use and disparities.Tobacco control · 2021Article
- Sociodemographic inequities in tobacco retailer density: Do neighboring places matter?Health & place · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2018, New York City (NYC) implemented a tobacco-free pharmacy law as part of a comprehensive policy approach to curb tobacco use. This study models the reduction in tobacco retailer density following the ban to examine differences in the policy's impact across neighbourhoods.
methodsTobacco retailer density per 1000 residents was calculated in July 2017 for each of NYC's Neighborhood Tabulation Areas (NTAs, n=188) before and after removing pharmacies as licensed tobacco retailers. Pearson correlations and linear regression (with predictors scaled to 10 unit increments) measured associations between the projected change in retailer density after the ban and NTA demographic characteristics.
resultsOn average, retailer density decreased by 6.8% across neighbourhoods (SD: 6.3), with 17 NTAs experiencing reductions over 15%. Density reduction was greater in NTAs with higher median household income (r: 0.41, B: 1.00, p<0.0001) and a higher proportion of non-Hispanic white residents (r: 0.35, B: 0.79, p<0.0001). NTAs with a higher percentage of adults with less than a high school education (r: -0.44, B: -2.60, p<0.0001) and a higher proportion of Hispanic residents (r: -0.36, B: -1.07, p<0.0001) benefited less from the policy. These relationships held after assessing absolute changes in density (vs per cent change).
conclusionsNYC's tobacco-free pharmacy law substantially reduces tobacco retailer density overall, but the impact is not equal across neighbourhoods. In order to minimise disparities in the tobacco retail environment, local governments considering a similar ban should supplement this strategy with other retailer restrictions to achieve equitable outcomes.
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