SynthesisJournal of orthopaedic surgery and research2018
The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incremental yield of prenatal exome sequencing in fetuses with skeletal system abnormalities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- A thorough analysis of data on the correlation between COL9A1 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to congenital talipes equinovarus: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2024Pooled it
- Is the modified Ponseti method effective in treating atypical and complex clubfoot? A systematic review.International orthopaedics · 2021Pooled it
- Interventions for congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A polyaxial fixation brace for the treatment of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus in newborns.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Trial
- Congenital Clubfoot as an Early Manifestation of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Whole exome sequencing uncovers genetic syndromes and putative candidate genes underlying orofacial clefts presenting with limb abnormalities in a Sub-Saharan African cohort.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- MiRNA Expression Profile as a Potential Biomarker for Idiopathic Congenital Talipes Equinovarus: An Exploratory Study.Orthopedic reviews · 2026Article
- Whole Exome Sequencing Uncovers Genetic Syndromes Associated with Orofacial Clefts presenting with Limb abnormalities in a Sub-Saharan African cohort.Research square · 2025Article
- Genetics, epidemiology and management of clubfoot and related disorders.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Tracing neurodevelopment and growth pattern in six-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot: a national cohort study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- The Gradual Correction of Rigid Pes Cavus Using Midfoot Osteotomy Combined with Ilizarov Methods.Orthopaedic surgery · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of clubfoot in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: A hospital-based study.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Kite Versus Ponseti Method in the Treatment of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Whole Exome Sequencing Analysis in Serbian Cases of Clubfoot Deformity-Single Center Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Investigations and management of complex congenital talipes equinovarus.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Incidence and prevalence of congenital clubfoot in Apulia: a regional model for future prospective national studies.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- Trends in congenital clubfoot prevalence and co-occurring anomalies during 1994-2021 in Denmark: a nationwide register-based study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- The global birth prevalence of clubfoot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlso known as clubfoot, idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus (ICTEV) is the most common pediatric deformity and occurs in 1 in every 1000 live births. Even though it has been widely researched, the etiology of ICTEV remains poorly understood and is often described as being based on a multifactorial genesis. Genetic and environmental factors seem to have a major role in the development of this disease. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the available literature to document the current evidence on ICTEV etiology.
methodsThe literature on ICTEV etiology was systematically reviewed using the following inclusion criteria: studies of any level of evidence, reporting clinical or preclinical results, published in the last 20 years (1998-2018), and dealing with the etiology of ICTEV.
resultsA total of 48 articles were included. ICTEV etiology is still controversial. Several hypotheses have been researched, but none of them are decisive. Emerging evidence suggests a role of several pathways and gene families associated with limb development (HOX family; PITX1-TBX4), the apoptotic pathway (caspases), and muscle contractile protein (troponin and tropomyosin), but a major candidate gene has still not been identified. Strong recent evidence emerging from twin studies confirmed major roles of genetics and the environment in the disease pathogenesis.
conclusionsThe available literature on the etiology of ICTEV presents major limitations in terms of great heterogeneity and a lack of high-profile studies. Although many studies focus on the genetic background of the disease, there is lack of consensus on one or multiple targets. Genetics and smoking seem to be strongly associated with ICTEV etiology, but more studies are needed to understand the complex and multifactorial genesis of this common congenital lower-limb disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.