ArticleBirth defects research2018
Drinking water disinfection byproducts and risk of orofacial clefts in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.
Article in Birth defects research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to drinking water pollutants and non-syndromic birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Risks of Birth Defects Following In Utero Exposures to Unregulated Brominated Haloacetic Acids.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Developmental Toxicity of Disinfection Byproducts in F344 Rats: Effects on Pregnancy Maintenance and Eye Development.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Maternal Exposure to Tap Water Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Selected Congenital Heart Defects.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Maternal periconceptional exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products and neural tube defects in offspring.Birth defects research · 2024Article
- Direct potable reuse and birth defects prevalence in Texas: An augmented synthetic control method analysis of data from a population-based birth defects registry.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Comparison of Trihalomethane exposure assessment metrics in epidemiologic analyses of reproductive and developmental outcomes.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Is maternal employment site a source of exposure misclassification in studies of environmental exposures and birth outcomes? A simulation-based bias analysis of haloacetic acids in tap water and hypospadias.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMaternal exposure to drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBP)s may contribute to orofacial cleft (OFC) development, but studies are sparse and beset with limitations.
methodsPopulation-based, maternal interview reports of drinking water filtration and consumption for 680 OFC cases (535 isolated) and 1826 controls were linked with DBP concentration data using maternal residential addresses and public water system monitoring data. Maternal individual-level exposures to trihalomethanes (THM)s and haloacetic acids (HAA)s (µg/L of water consumed) were estimated from reported consumption at home, work, and school. Compared to no exposure, associations with multisource maternal exposure <1/2 or ≥1/2 the Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL)s for total THMs (TTHM)s and HAAs (HAA5) or Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLG)s for individual THMs and HAAs (if non-zero) were estimated for all OFCs and isolated OFCs, cleft palate (CP), and cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL/P) using logistic regression analyses.
resultsCompared to controls, associations were near or below unity for maternal TTHM, HAA5, and individual THM exposures with all OFCs and isolated OFCs, CP, and CL/P. Associations also were near or below unity for individual HAAs with statistically significant, inverse associations observed with each OFC outcome group except CL/P.
conclusionsThis study examined associations for maternal reports of drinking water filtration and consumption and maternal DBP exposure from drinking water with OFCs in offspring. Associations observed were near or below unity and mostly nonsignificant. Continued, improved research using maternal individual-level exposure data will be useful in better characterizing these associations.
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Registered trials
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