ArticlePloS one2018
Effects of lactoferrin on neonatal pathogens and Bifidobacterium breve in human breast milk.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk as a Model for Next-Generation Infant Formula: Opportunities and Challenges.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Dairy Bioactive Compounds as Precision Modulators of Gut Microbiota: From Molecular Mechanisms to Personalized Immunometabolic Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Associations of Lactoferrin-Fortified Formula with Infant Growth and Gut Microbiota: A Real-World Observational Study.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Review
- Pasteurized Colostrum Improves Blood Immunity and Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Dairy Calves from Birth to 180 Days of Age.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Breastfeeding and Infant Formulas: Short- and Long-Term Impacts on Infant Nutrition and Health.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Iron at the crossroads of host-microbiome interactions in health and disease.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- Lactoferrin: Properties and Potential Uses in the Food Industry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- New latex agglutination assay for the determination of lactoferrin in human milk.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Lactoferrin Supplementation in Preventing and Protecting from SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Is There Any Role in General and Special Populations? An Updated Review of Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial peptides in livestock: a review with a one health approach.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Synergistic effects of antimicrobial components of the human-derived composite amnion-chorion membrane on bacterial growth.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Lactoferrin deficiency during lactation increases the risk of depressive-like behavior in adult mice.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Isolation and Characterization of Cow-, Buffalo-, Sheep- and Goat-Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Cells · 2023Article
- Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin-Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Review
- Interaction ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Lactoferrin and Human Neutrophil Protein (HNP) 1-3 Levels During the Neonatal Period in Preterm Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Fortification With Bovine Colostrum Enhances Antibacterial Activity of Human Milk.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2021Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Supplementation with probiotics in preterm infants reduces necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. Bovine lactoferrin is a promising supplement that may further reduce disease burden, but its effects on probiotic bacteria in human breast milk has not been evaluated. We aimed to characterise the antimicrobial activity of bovine and human lactoferrin in human breast milk against probiotics and typical neonatal sepsis pathogens. Lactoferrin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in fresh and pasteurised human breast milk. The neonatal pathogens Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli, and the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve strain M-16V were cultured in human breast milk or infant formula in the presence or absence of clinically relevant doses of bovine or human lactoferrin. Standard microbiological methods were used to determine the effects of lactoferrin on bacterial growth. Unpasteurised human breast milk contained significantly higher lactoferrin levels and resulted in superior inhibition of pathogenic bacterial growth compared to infant formula and pasteurised human breast milk. Human lactoferrin was significantly more effective at inhibiting bacterial growth, when compared to bovine lactoferrin. Supplementation with human lactoferrin or high dose bovine lactoferrin inhibited growth of the probiotic strain B. breve M-16V in pasteurised human breast milk. Although unpasteurised human breast milk and human lactoferrin had the greatest antimicrobial activity against all bacterial species tested, higher doses of bovine lactoferrin also showed activity against B. breve and. S. epidermidis. This study suggests that simultaneous administration of lactoferrins and probiotics may affect colonisation with probiotic bacteria, warranting further investigations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.