ArticlePLoS medicine2018
Metabolic syndrome and risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Parkinson Disease: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study and Meta-Analysis.Neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Novel Insights Into the Causal Effects and Shared Genetics Between Body Fat and Parkinson Disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2021Pooled it
- Does glitazone treatment have a role on the prevention of Parkinson's disease in adult diabetic population? A systematic review.Metabolic brain disease · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Higher Serum Lipid Levels on the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Pooled it
- An open label, non-randomized study assessing a prebiotic fiber intervention in a small cohort of Parkinson's disease participants.Nature communications · 2023Trial
- Metabolic-vascular burden and subsequent Parkinson's disease across Chinese, English, and European ageing cohorts.Research square · 2026Article
- GLP-1 agonists in neurodegeneration: a multimodal biomarker-guided approach.Trends in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with accelerated brain aging.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Association between food insecurity and Parkinson's disease: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data.Medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Progression of Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Five-Year Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Does Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Reduce the Risk of Developing Parkinson's Disease: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis Using Data from the National Inpatient Sample.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Multiomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Pathways Associated with Intestinal Aggregation of α-Synuclein.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Risk of Parkinson disease according to metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: an analysis of data from the National Health Insurance-National Sample Cohort.Epidemiology and health · 2026Article
- Moyamoya Disease and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Shared Gut Microbial and Functional Signatures Linking Parkinson's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Revealed by Function-Anchored Metagenomics.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Orthobiologics and Peptide Therapy for Central Nervous System Repair in Neurodegenerative Conditions.Cells · 2025Review
- Investigating the impact of body weight changes and blood lipids on risk for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with the development of Parkinson disease (PD) is currently unclear. We sought to determine whether MetS and its components are associated with the risk of incident PD using large-scale cohort data for the whole South Korean population. METHODS AND
findingsHealth checkup data of 17,163,560 individuals aged ≥40 years provided by the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) of South Korea between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, were included, and participants were followed up until December 31, 2015. The mean follow-up duration was 5.3 years. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PD were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for potential confounders. We identified 44,205 incident PD cases during follow-up. Individuals with MetS (n = 5,848,508) showed an increased risk of PD development compared with individuals without MetS (n = 11,315,052), even after adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, income, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and history of stroke (model 3; HR, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.21-1.27). Each MetS component was positively associated with PD risk (HR, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.10-1.16 for abdominal obesity; 1.13, 1.10-1.15 for hypertriglyceridemia; 1.23, 1.20-1.25 for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; 1.05, 1.03-1.08 for high blood pressure; 1.21, 1.18-1.23 for hyperglycemia). PD incidence positively correlated with the number of MetS components (log-rank p < 0.001), and we observed a gradual increase in the HR for incident PD with increasing number of components (p < 0.001). A significant interaction between age and MetS on the risk of incident PD was observed (p for interaction < 0.001), and people aged ≥65 years old with MetS showed the highest HR of incident PD of all subgroups compared to those <65 years old without MetS (reference subgroup). Limitations of this study include the possibilities of misdiagnosis of PD and reverse causality.
conclusionsOur population-based large-scale cohort study suggests that MetS and its components may be risk factors of PD development.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.