SynthesisSports health
Risk Factors Associated With Low Back Pain in Golfers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Injury incidence in golf-a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of clinical and biomechanical characteristics between individuals with lower limb amputation with and without lower back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon) · 2023Pooled it
- Golf and Physical Health: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Do people with low back pain walk differently? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of sport and health science · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Return to Golf after corrective surgery in adult spinal deformity patients with long fusion constructs: A retrospective case series.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Effects of a golfers' low back pain exercise prevention program on physical function and golf performance in adolescent golfers: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- The Acute Effects of Internal, External, and Golf-Specific Attentional Focus Cues on Isometric Trunk Strength in Youth Golfers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Associations between flexibility, stretching habits, and spine injuries in professional golfers: a nationwide, cross-sectional study.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Improving Golf Swing Kinematics in a 78-Year-Old Golfer with Lower Back Pain: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Potential neurophysiological and biomechanical risk factors for sport-related back problems: A scoping review.Sports medicine and health science · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Golf Athletes: A Championship in Portugal.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- The efficacy of injury screening for lower back pain in elite golfers.The South African journal of physiotherapy · 2023Article
- Sport and non-specific low back pain in athletes: a scoping review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Golf Swing Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Methodological Recommendations for Kinematics.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Is Golf a Contact Sport? Protection of the Spine and Return to Play After Lumbar Surgery.Global spine journal · 2022Article
- Rare subtype of multiple myeloma presenting as sacroiliac joint pain in an avid golfer: a case report.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2020Article
- Low back pain and golf: A review of biomechanical risk factors.Sports medicine and health science · 2020Review
- Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave for low back pain: A protocol of systematic review.Medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
context: Low back pain is common in golfers. The risk factors for golf-related low back pain are unclear but may include individual demographic, anthropometric, and practice factors as well as movement characteristics of the golf swing.
objective: The aims of this systematic review were to summarize and synthesize evidence for factors associated with low back pain in recreational and professional golfers. DATA SOURCES:: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases through September 2017. STUDY SELECTION:: Studies were included if they quantified demographic, anthropometric, biomechanical, or practice variables in individuals with and without golf-related low back pain. STUDY
design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION:: Studies were independently reviewed for inclusion by 2 authors, and the following data were extracted: characterization of low back pain, participant demographics, anthropometrics, biomechanics, strength/flexibility, and practice characteristics. The methodological quality of studies was appraised by 3 authors using a previously published checklist. Where possible, individual and pooled effect sizes of select variables of interest were calculated for differences between golfers with and without pain.
results: The search retrieved 73 articles, 19 of which met the inclusion criteria (12 case-control studies, 5 cross-sectional studies, and 2 prospective longitudinal studies). Methodological quality scores ranged from 12.5% to 100.0%. Pooled analyses demonstrated a significant association between increased age and body mass and golf-related low back pain in cross-sectional/case-control studies. Prospective data indicated that previous history of back pain predicts future episodes of pain.
conclusion: Individual demographic and anthropometric characteristics may be associated with low back pain, but this does not support a relationship between swing characteristics and the development of golf-related pain. Additional high-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify risk factors for back pain in golfers.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.