ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2019
Naloxone distribution and possession following a large-scale naloxone programme.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with withdrawal symptoms and anger among people resuscitated from an opioid overdose by take-home naloxone: Exploratory mixed methods analysis.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- "You've involved us knowing that we don't think about the law like you": a qualitative study on Supersavers' perspective of overdose engagement in Skåne county, South Sweden.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Trends and correlates of naloxone possession and use among people who inject drugs in Seattle, Washington.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Implementation of Overdose Prevention in Maryland: Implications for Resource Allocation, Program Scale-Up, and Evaluation.Health promotion practice · 2025Article
- Naloxone prescription fills and use by patients treated for opioid use disorder by telehealth.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Equity of overdose education and naloxone distribution provided in the Kentucky HEALing Communities Study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Evaluation of a large-scale health department naloxone distribution program: Per capita naloxone distribution and overdose morality.PloS one · 2023Article
- Naloxone protection, social support, network characteristics, and overdose experiences among a cohort of people who use illicit opioids in New York City.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Impact of an overdose reversal program in the context of a safe consumption site in Northern Mexico.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2022Article
- Predictors of having naloxone in urban and rural Oregon findings from NHBS and the OR-HOPE study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Naloxone's role in the national opioid crisis-past struggles, current efforts, and future opportunities.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- COVID-19 survey among people who use drugs in three cities in Norway.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Opioid overdose reversals using naloxone in New York City by people who use opioids: Implications for public health and overdose harm reduction approaches from a qualitative study.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Protocol for a multi-site study of the effects of overdose prevention education with naloxone distribution program in Skåne County, Sweden.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- One opioid user saving another: the first study of an opioid overdose-reversal and naloxone distribution program addressing hard-to-reach drug scenes in Denmark.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Review
- Patterns of polysubstance use and overdose among people who inject drugs in Baltimore, Maryland: A latent class analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- How competent are people who use opioids at responding to overdoses? Qualitative analyses of actions and decisions taken during overdose emergencies.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Commentary on Madah-Amiri et al. (2019): Beyond saturation.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
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3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo examine uptake following a large-scale naloxone programme by estimating distribution rates since programme initiation and the proportion among a sample of high-risk individuals who had attended naloxone training, currently possessed or had used naloxone. We also estimated the likelihood of naloxone possession and use as a function of programme duration, individual descriptive and substance use indicators.
design(1) Distribution data (June 2014-August 2017) and date of implementation for each city and (2) a cross-sectional study among a sample of illicit substance users interviewed September 2017.
settingSeven Norwegian cities.
participantsA total of 497 recruited users of illegal opioids and/or central stimulants. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes: naloxone possession and use. Random-intercepts logistic regression models (covariates: male, age, homelessness/shelter use, overdose, incarceration, opioid maintenance treatment, income sources, substance use indicators, programme duration).
findingsOverall, 4631 naloxone nasal sprays were distributed in the two pilot cities, with a cumulative rate of 495 per 100 000 population. In the same two cities, among high-risk individuals, 44% and 62% reported current naloxone possession. The possession rates of naloxone corresponded well to the duration of each participating city's distribution programme. Overall, in the six distributing cities, 58% reported naloxone training, 43% current possession and 15% naloxone use. The significant indicators for possession were programme duration [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI = 0.82-2.37], female gender (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.20-3.24) and drug-dealing (aOR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.42-3.93). The significant indicators for naloxone use were programme duration (aOR = 1.49 95%, CI = 1.15-1.92), homelessness/shelter use (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.02-4.17), opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.13-3.78), drug-dealing (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.27-4.54) and heroin injecting (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.04-4.38).
conclusionsA large-scale naloxone programme in seven Norwegian cities with a cumulative distribution rate of 495 per 100 000 population indicated good saturation in a sample of high-risk individuals, with programme duration in each city as an important indicator for naloxone possession and use.
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