ArticleNature structural & molecular biology2018
RNA polymerase II clustering through carboxy-terminal domain phase separation.
Article in Nature structural & molecular biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 360 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
360 citing papers in PubMed, 632 citations in OpenAlex.
- How do low-complexity domain interactions control transcription?Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Near-atomistic simulations reveal the molecular principles that control chromatin structure and phase separation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Emergent 3D genome reorganization and graded gene control from the stepwise assembly of transcriptional condensates.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Communication is key: combinatorial phosphorylation and functional cross-talk in the RNA polymerase II CTD code.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Opposing roles of serine and charge in IDR condensate miscibility.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Current Challenges of Transcription Compartmentalization Research.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Ligand-dependent enhancer activation indirectly modulates non-target promoters in a chromatin domain.eLife · 2026Article
- Cyclin K condensates bridge CDK12 to phosphorylate and drive oncogenic YAP activation in hepatocellular carcinoma.Science advances · 2026Article
- Insights into the function and structure of the R2TP (RUVBL1-RUVBL2-RPAP3-PIH1D1) chaperone complex.Cell stress & chaperones · 2026Review
- Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus uses a novel protein fold to hijack RNA Polymerase II for viral late gene transcription.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of liquid-liquid phase separation: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies in cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Extracting anomalous diffusion parameters from multi-state ensembles of short single molecule trajectories.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Large RNA polymerase II condensates are promoter-centric assemblies associated with early stages of transcription at all expressed genes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Transcription condensates are promoter hubs that enhance transcriptional bursts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Fluid Mosaic Model of chromatin organization: integrating dynamics, conformational heterogeneity and multiscale organization.Communications biology · 2026Review
- The dynamic and heterogeneous composition of biomolecular condensates and its functional relevance.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Residue-level mapping of crowding effects on protein phase separation.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- A single cluster of RNA Polymerase II molecules is stably associated with active genes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Live-cell single-molecule dynamics of eukaryotic RNA polymerase machineries.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
300 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II is an intrinsically disordered low-complexity region that is critical for pre-mRNA transcription and processing. The CTD consists of hepta-amino acid repeats varying in number from 52 in humans to 26 in yeast. Here we report that human and yeast CTDs undergo cooperative liquid phase separation, with the shorter yeast CTD forming less-stable droplets. In human cells, truncation of the CTD to the length of the yeast CTD decreases Pol II clustering and chromatin association, whereas CTD extension has the opposite effect. CTD droplets can incorporate intact Pol II and are dissolved by CTD phosphorylation with the transcription initiation factor IIH kinase CDK7. Together with published data, our results suggest that Pol II forms clusters or hubs at active genes through interactions between CTDs and with activators and that CTD phosphorylation liberates Pol II enzymes from hubs for promoter escape and transcription elongation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.