ReviewNutrients2018
Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exclusive Breastfeeding and Growth Trajectories Until 5 Years of Age Among Children Monitored in Primary Health Care in Brazil.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Defining lactation outcomes, milk composition, and breastfeeding safety for women with chronic kidney disease: protocol for a prospective observational study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Tafenoquine lactation pharmacokinetics: a pilot study.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- The fourth trimester and challenges for the lupus patient.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Review
- Editorial: Breastfeeding's role in shaping infant gut microbiota for long-term health.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Influence of maternal and perinatal factors on macronutrient content of very preterm human milk during the first weeks after birth.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Functional proteins in breast milk and their correlation with the development of the infant gut microbiota: a study of mother-infant pairs.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Human Milk from Tandem Feeding Dyads Does Not Differ in Metabolite and Metataxonomic Features When Compared to Single Nursling Dyads under Six Months of Age.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Cellular and transcriptional diversity over the course of human lactation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Effects of Galohgor Nutraceutical Lactation Cookies on Breast Milk Volume and Lactose Concentration.Korean journal of family medicine · 2022Article
- Proteoform Profiles Reveal That Alpha-1-Antitrypsin in Human Serum and Milk Is Derived From a Common Source.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Proteomic analysis of hypoxia and non-hypoxia secretome mesenchymal stem-like cells from human breastmilk.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Personalized Profiling Reveals Donor- and Lactation-Specific Trends in the Human Milk Proteome and Peptidome.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Observational
- Human milk immunomodulatory proteins are related to development of infant body composition during the first year of lactation.Pediatric research · 2021Observational
- Metabolomic and Metataxonomic Fingerprinting of Human Milk Suggests Compositional Stability over a Natural Term of Breastfeeding to 24 Months.Nutrients · 2020Observational
- Role of Daily Milk Volume and Period of Lactation in Nutrient Content of Human Milk: Results from a Prospective Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Polymeric nanoassemblies for enrichment and detection of peptides and proteins in human breast milk.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Nutritional and Non-nutritional Composition of Human Milk Is Modulated by Maternal, Infant, and Methodological Factors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- The Functional Power of the Human Milk Proteome.Nutrients · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding. This review is predominantly based on observational epidemiological evidence and on comparative research linking breast milk composition with cutting down on breastfeeding. Studies dating back several decades have shown an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and serum albumin during weaning. According to the limited data available, it seems likely that the regulation of milk protein composition during involution can be ascribed to alterations in tight junctions. In studies on humans and other mammalian species, offspring suckle more from mothers that produce more dilute milk and the increase in milk protein concentration is positively correlated to a decrease in suckling frequency during weaning. High milk protein contents were first reported in nonindustrial communities where breastfeeding is sustained the longest, but recent papers from urbanized communities have taken credit for rediscovering the increase in protein content of human milk that becomes evident with prolonged breastfeeding. This review presents an overview of the changes in breast milk protein parameters in the second year postpartum to enable milk banks' practitioners to make informed nutritional decisions on preterm infants.
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