ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2018
Macrophages release plasma membrane-derived particles rich in accessible cholesterol.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vesicles for cell crosstalk in bone: composition, function and application.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- T cell cholesterol transport links intestinal immune responses to dietary lipid absorption.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Macrophage-Mediated Transport of Insoluble Indirubin Induces Hepatic Injury During Intestinal Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Loss of DNA Polymerase β Delays Atherosclerosis inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pharmacological induction of autophagy reduces inflammation in macrophages by degrading immunoproteasome subunits.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms modulating foam cell formation in the arterial intima: exploring new therapeutic opportunities in atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Glycolysis-cholesterol metabolic axis in immuno-oncology microenvironment: emerging role in immune cells and immunosuppressive signaling.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- Kinetic modelling of sterol transport between plasma membrane and endo-lysosomes based on quantitative fluorescence and X-ray imaging data.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Different Pathways of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2022Review
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- Review
- Atherosclerosis: Recent developments.Cell · 2022Review
- Smooth Muscle Cell-Macrophage Interactions Leading to Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Location, Location, Location.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Pathways and Mechanisms of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux-Insight From Imaging.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Measuring and Manipulating Membrane Cholesterol for the Study of Hedgehog Signaling.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Integrative lipidomic and transcriptomic study unravels the therapeutic effects of saikosaponins A and D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Article
- Macrophage-Derived Cholesterol Contributes to Therapeutic Resistance in Prostate Cancer.Cancer research · 2021Article
- Article
- High-resolution visualization and quantification of nucleic acid-based therapeutics in cells and tissues using Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS).Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Cholesterol access in cellular membranes controls Hedgehog signaling.Nature chemical biology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages are generally assumed to unload surplus cholesterol through direct interactions between ABC transporters on the plasma membrane and HDLs, but they have also been reported to release cholesterol-containing particles. How macrophage-derived particles are formed and released has not been clear. To understand the genesis of macrophage-derived particles, we imaged mouse macrophages by EM and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS). By scanning EM, we found that large numbers of 20- to 120-nm particles are released from the fingerlike projections (filopodia) of macrophages. These particles attach to the substrate, forming a "lawn" of particles surrounding macrophages. By nanoSIMS imaging we showed that these particles are enriched in the mobile and metabolically active accessible pool of cholesterol (detectable by ALO-D4, a modified version of a cholesterol-binding cytolysin). The cholesterol content of macrophage-derived particles was increased by loading the cells with cholesterol or by adding LXR and RXR agonists to the cell-culture medium. Incubating macrophages with HDL reduced the cholesterol content of macrophage-derived particles. We propose that release of accessible cholesterol-rich particles from the macrophage plasma membrane could assist in disposing of surplus cholesterol and increase the efficiency of cholesterol movement to HDL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.