ReviewEndocrine reviews2018
The Expanding Spectrum of Primary Aldosteronism: Implications for Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.
Review in Endocrine reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the high prevalence, comorbidities, and indicators of mild autonomous cortisol secretion in primary aldosteronism: a cohort study and systematic review.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Pooled it
- The value of the post-captopril aldosterone/renin ratio for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and the influential factors: A meta-analysis.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAASPooled it
- Dietary Sodium Reduction Reveals Aldosterone Dysregulation in Patients With Essential Hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Trial
- Preoperative supine time for adrenal venous sampling: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2024Trial
- Online prediction model for primary aldosteronism in patients with hypertension in Chinese population: A two-center retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- ACTH Stimulation Maximizes the Accuracy of Peripheral Steroid Profiling in Primary Aldosteronism Subtyping.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Trial
- Development and validation of a novel diagnostic nomogram model to predict primary aldosteronism in patients with hypertension.Endocrine · 2021Trial
- Early mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism for end-organ protection in hypertension: Implications for disparities and rethinking the timing paradigm.Dialogues in health · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: primary aldosteronism revisited.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Resistant hypertension, hyperaldosteronism, and the emerging understanding of hypercortisolism.Current opinion in cardiology · 2026Review
- Primary aldosteronism.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Impacts of the use of chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay-measured plasma aldosterone concentration in the diagnostic process of unilateral primary aldosteronism: a real-world multicenter study in Japan.Endocrine journal · 2026Article
- Endocrine society 2025 diagnostic criteria increase primary aldosteronism detection in hypertensive patients: a comparative study with 2016 guidelines.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Article
- Renin-Guided Risk Stratification and Therapy in Hypertension to Reduce Major Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Familial Hyperaldosteronism Type IV (FH-IV)-Clinical Phenotypes, Genetics and Management ofJournal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical value of multi-time-pointEndocrine · 2026Article
- Success Rate of Adrenal Venous Sampling and the Location of Right Adrenal Vein Orifice: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Beyond "One-Size-Fits-All": Deconstructing the Hormonal Determinants of Sodium Sensitivity in Treated Hypertension.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- High-gradient magnetic separation chip-based small extracellular vesicle isolation for noninvasive subtyping of primary aldosteronism.Science advances · 2026Article
- Aldosterone fuels the progression of cardiovascular-kidney -metabolic syndrome: focus on primary aldosteronism spectrum.Endocrine · 2026Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by aldosterone secretion that is independent of renin and angiotensin II and sodium status. The deleterious effects of primary aldosteronism are mediated by excessive activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor that results in the well-known consequences of volume expansion, hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis, but it also increases the risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease, as well as death. For decades, the approaches to defining, diagnosing, and treating primary aldosteronism have been relatively constant and generally focused on detecting and treating the more severe presentations of the disease. However, emerging evidence suggests that the prevalence of primary aldosteronism is much greater than previously recognized, and that milder and nonclassical forms of renin-independent aldosterone secretion that impart heightened cardiovascular risk may be common. Public health efforts to prevent aldosterone-mediated end-organ disease will require improved capabilities to diagnose all forms of primary aldosteronism while optimizing the treatment approaches such that the excess risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease is adequately mitigated. In this review, we present a physiologic approach to considering the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of primary aldosteronism. We review evidence suggesting that primary aldosteronism manifests across a wide spectrum of severity, ranging from mild to overt, that correlates with cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, we review emerging evidence from genetic studies that begin to provide a theoretical explanation for the pathogenesis of primary aldosteronism and a link to its phenotypic severity spectrum and prevalence. Finally, we review human studies that provide insights into the optimal approach toward the treatment of primary aldosteronism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.