ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Age-Specific Excess Mortality Patterns During the 1918-1920 Influenza Pandemic in Madrid, Spain.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin for adults with influenza A or B infection (FLU-IVIG): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2019Trial
- Pandemic Patterns: The Long-Term Health Outcomes of 1918 Influenza Survivors in the St. John's General Hospital of Newfoundland and Labrador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Age-specific mortality patterns across influenza pandemics: evidence from all-cause mortality data across multiple populations.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Avoiding four fallacies in the fair allocation of influenza countermeasures.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Age-specific mortality and the role of living remotely: The 1918-20 influenza pandemic in Kautokeino and Karasjok, Norway.International journal of circumpolar health · 2023Article
- Article
- Historically High Excess Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland, Sweden, and Spain.Annals of internal medicine · 2022Observational
- Individual-level Association of Influenza Infection With Subsequent Pneumonia: A Case-control and Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Article
- Tracking Pandemic Severity Using Data on the Age Structure of Mortality: Lessons From the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Patterns of mortality during pandemic: An example of Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.Population and economics · 2020Article
- The 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Looking Back, Looking Forward.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although much progress has been made to uncover age-specific mortality patterns of the 1918 influenza pandemic in populations around the world, more studies in different populations are needed to make sense of the heterogeneous death impact of this pandemic. We assessed the absolute and relative magnitudes of 3 pandemic waves in the city of Madrid, Spain, between 1918 and 1920, on the basis of age-specific all-cause and respiratory excess death rates. Excess death rates were estimated using a Serfling model with a parametric bootstrapping approach to calibrate baseline death levels with quantified uncertainty. Excess all-cause and pneumonia and influenza mortality rates were estimated for different pandemic waves and age groups. The youngest and oldest persons experienced the highest excess mortality rates, and young adults faced the highest standardized mortality risk. Waves differed in strength; the peak standardized mortality risk occurred during the herald wave in spring 1918, but the highest excess rates occurred during the fall and winter of 1918/1919. Little evidence was found to support a "W"-shaped, age-specific excess mortality curve. Acquired immunity may have tempered a protracted fall wave, but recrudescent waves following the initial 2 outbreaks heightened the total pandemic mortality impact.
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