Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30123790›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of tropical disease & health2017

Evolution of a Disease Surveillance System: An Increase in Reporting of Human Monkeypox Disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2001-2013.

Nicole A Hoff, Reena H Doshi, Brian Colwell, Benoit Kebela-Illunga, Patrick Mukadi, Mathias Mossoko, D'Andre Spencer, Jean-Jacque Muyembe-Tamfum, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Jamie Lloyd-Smith and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of tropical disease & health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. The Rise of Mpox in a Post-Smallpox World.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Nicole A HoffFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Reena H DoshiFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Brian ColwellHealth Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA.
Benoit Kebela-IllungaMinistry of Public Health, Direction for Disease Control, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Patrick MukadiNational Institute for Biomedical Research, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Mathias MossokoMinistry of Public Health, Direction for Disease Control, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
D'Andre SpencerFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jean-Jacque Muyembe-TamfumNational Institute for Biomedical Research, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Emile Okitolonda-WemakoyKinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Jamie Lloyd-SmithUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anne W RimoinFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Fielding Graduate University · USNational Institute of Biomedical Research · CDUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Kinshasa · CD

Funding

Emergence of Human Monkeypox in Central AfricaK01AI074810 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI RIMOIN, ANNE WALSH · 2008 to 2012
$609k
NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI074810
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEvaluating the effectiveness of a surveillance system, and how it improves over time has significant implications for disease control and prevention. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) was implemented to estimate the burden of disease, monitor changes in disease occurrence, and inform resource allocation. For this effort we utilized national passive surveillance data from DRC's IDSR to explore reporting trends of human monkeypox (MPX) from 2001 to 2013.

methodsWe obtained surveillance data on MPX cases occurring between January 2001 and December 2013 from the DRC Ministry of Health (MoH). Phases of the surveillance system, yearly trends in reporting and estimated incidence for MPX were analyzed using SAS v9.2 and Health Mapper.

resultsBetween 2001 and 2013, three discrete surveillance phases were identified that described the evolution of the surveillance system. Overall, an increase in suspected MPX cases was reported, beyond what would be expected from simply an improved reporting system. When restricting the analysis to the "stable phase," national estimated incidence increased from 2.13 per 100,000 in 2008 to 2.84 per 100,000 in 2013.

conclusionsThe reported increase in MPX, based on an evolving surveillance system, is likely to be a true increase in disease occurrence rather than simply improvements to the surveillance system. Further analyses should provide critical information for improved prevention and control strategies and highlight areas of improvement for future data collection efforts.

Indexed as

Democratic Republic of Congodisease trendsMonkeypoxpassive surveillance

Identifiers

PMID30123790
PMCPMC6095679
OpenAlexW2753839602

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.