ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2018
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of The Real Cost Campaign's Effect on Smoking Prevention.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Development and Testing of a Point-of-Sale E-Cigarette Health Communication Campaign.Health communication · 2024Trial
- Messaging to prevent and reduce young adults' waterpipe tobacco smoking: A randomized trial.Addictive behaviors · 2023Trial
- Effect of Electronic Portal Messaging With Embedded Asynchronous Care on Physician-Assisted Smoking Cessation Attempts: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Neural Predictors of Vaping: Covert Emotional Engagement Versus Reactance to Overt Emotional Appeals in Vaping Prevention Message Processing.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Tongue cancer in pregnancy: challenges and outcomes. A case series and review of the literature.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2025Review
- Promotion of Health-Harming Products on Instagram: Characterizing Strategies Boosting Audience Engagement with Cigar Marketing Messages.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Benefit-Cost Analysis of the HHS COVID-19 Campaign: April 2021-March 2022.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- The influence of anti-smoking messages to Indonesian youth smoking behavior: the Indonesian 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS).BMC public health · 2023Article
- The Cost-Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling in Primary Care: a Markov Cohort Simulation Model.Journal of general internal medicine · 2022Article
- Health educationFrontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Theory-Based Social and Non-Social Engagement Features in Smoking Cessation Mobile Apps: A Content Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Health communication campaigns: A brief introduction and call for dialogue.International journal of nursing sciences · 2020Article
- Review of Evaluation Metrics Used in Digital and Traditional Tobacco Control Campaigns.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Review
- Population health, economics and ethics in the age of COVID-19.BMJ global health · 2020Review
- Message-Elicited Brain Response Moderates the Relationship Between Opportunities for Exposure to Anti-Smoking Messages and Message Recall.The Journal of communication · 2019Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Using Mass Media to Prevent Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: The FinishIt Campaign.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionA previous study found that the Food and Drug Administration's The Real Cost national tobacco education campaign was associated with preventing approximately 350,000 U.S. youth from initiating smoking between 2014 and 2016. This study translates the reduction in smoking initiation into monetary terms by examining the cost effectiveness of the campaign.
methodsThe cost effectiveness of The Real Cost was assessed by measuring efficiency in two ways: (1) estimating the cost per quality-adjusted life year saved and (2) estimating the total monetary return on investment by comparing the cost savings associated with the campaign to campaign expenditures. Analyses were conducted in 2017.
resultsThe Real Cost averted an estimated 175,941 youth from becoming established smokers between 2014 and 2016. Campaign expenditures totaled $246,915,233. The cost per quality-adjusted life year saved of the campaign was $1,337. When considering the costs of smoking, the averted established smokers represent >$31 billion in cost savings ($1.3 billion when only external costs considered). The overall return on investment of the campaign was $128 in cost savings for every $1 spent ($4 for every $1 spent when only external costs considered). These conclusions were robust to sensitivity analyses surrounding the parameters.
conclusionsCampaign expenditures were cost efficient. The cost savings resulting from The Real Cost represent a large reduction in the financial burden to individuals, their families, and society as a result of tobacco. Public health campaigns, like The Real Cost, that reduce tobacco-related morbidity and mortality for a generation of U.S. youth also provide substantial cost savings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.