ArticleBMC genetics2018
Extent of third-order linkage disequilibrium in a composite line of Iberian pigs.
Article in BMC genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Emerging issues in genomic selection.Journal of animal science · 2021Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies on linkage disequilibrium have investigated second order linkage disequilibrium in animal and plant populations. The objective of this paper was to investigate the genome-wide levels of third order linkage disequilibrium in a composite line founded by admixture of four Iberian pig strains. A model for the generation of third order linkage disequilibrium by population admixture is proposed. A computer Expectation-Maximization algorithm is developed and applied to the estimation of third order linkage disequilibrium at inter- and intra-chromosomal level using 26,347 SNPs typed in 306 sows. The relationship of third order linkage disequilibrium with physical distance was investigated over 35 million triplets in SSC12. Basic and normalized estimates of inter and intra-chromosomal third order linkage disequilibrium are reported.
resultsGenome-wide analyses revealed that third order linkage disequilibrium is rather common among linked loci in this Iberian pig line. It is shown that population admixture of multiple populations may explain the observed levels of third order linkage disequilibrium although it could be generated by genetic drift. Third order linkage disequilibrium decreases rapidly up to 4 Mb and then declines slowly. The short distances between consecutive markers explain the maintenance of the observed third order linkage disequilibria levels when using a model incorporating the break-up of disequilibrium by recombination. Genome-wide testing also revealed that only 3.6% of the normalized estimates were different from 1, - 1, 0, or from a not well-defined situation in which there is only one possible value for the third order linkage disequilibrium parameter, given allele frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibria parameters.
conclusionsThird order linkage disequilibrium is common among linked markers in the analyzed pig line and may have been generated by population admixture of multiple populations or by genetic drift. As with second order linkage disequilibrium, the absolute value of the third order linkage disequilibrium decreases with physical distance. Normalization of third order linkage disequilibrium should be avoided for closely linked bi-allelic loci.
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