ReviewFuture microbiology2018
Heterologous effects of infant BCG vaccination: potential mechanisms of immunity.
Review in Future microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- The impact of circadian rhythm on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination effects on SARS-CoV-2 infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- BCG vaccination elicits protection against M. tuberculosis infection mediated by two phases of T cell immunity.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The dysregulation of innate immunity by Porphyromonas gingivalis in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Editorial: Vaccines and molecular therapeutics for tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- BCG vaccination elicits protection against Mtb infection mediated by two phases of T cell immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Deciphering the Complexities of Adult Human Steady State and Stress-Induced Hematopoiesis: Progress and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The lower rate of bone and joint infection in patients with open extremity fractures associated with vaccination prior to injury: a propensity-matched cohort study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- An Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- BAFF and APRIL immunotherapy following Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Non-specific protection against severe COVID-19 associated to typhoid fever and DTP vaccination.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Non-specific effects of inactivated Mycobacterium bovis oral and parenteral treatment in a rabbit scabies model.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Investigating Nonspecific Effects of the Live-Attenuated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine on Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 25-35 Months: Retrospective Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Exploring HIV Vaccine Progress in the Pre-Clinical and Clinical Setting: From History to Future Prospects.Viruses · 2024Review
- Diverse interactions ofFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Review
- Current Understanding of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Mediated Trained Immunity and Its Perspectives for Controlling Intracellular Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells confer cross-protective trained immunity in mouse models.iScience · 2023Article
- Routine vaccination for influenza and pneumococcal disease and its effect on COVID-19 in a population of Dutch older adults.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Article
- Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) and prevention of types 1 and 2 diabetes: Results of two observational studies.PloS one · 2023Observational
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The current antituberculosis vaccine, BCG, was derived in the 1920s, yet the mechanisms of BCG-induced protective immunity and the variability of protective efficacy among populations are still not fully understood. BCG challenges the concept of vaccine specificity, as there is evidence that BCG may protect immunized infants from pathogens other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis - resulting in heterologous or nonspecific protection. This review summarizes the up-to-date evidence for this phenomenon, potential immunological mechanisms and implications for improved childhood vaccine design. BCG induces functional changes in infant innate and adaptive immune compartments, encouraging their collaboration in the first year of life. Understanding biological mechanisms beyond heterologous BCG effects is crucial to improve infant protection from infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.