SynthesisInternational journal of cancer2019
Blood levels of cadmium and lead in relation to breast cancer risk in three prospective cohorts.
Synthesis in International journal of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cadmium exposure and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis.Environmental research · 2023Pooled it
- Serum Trace Elements and Self-Reported Physician-Diagnosed Tumor History: A Secondary Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Exposure Study on Susceptible People (SPES).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Lead and cancer: a narrative review and risk of bias assessment (2003-2020).Reviews on environmental health · 2026Review
- Altered trace and toxic element profiles in breast tissue: a case-control study of cancer risk.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Environmental Lead Promotes Breast Cancer Migration and Invasion via the AKR1C3-NF-κB-MMP Axis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Assessing Lead Exposure by Biological Matrices Analysis and Links to Breast Cancer: A Critical Review of Experimental and Epidemiological Findings.European journal of breast health · 2025Article
- Heavy metal mixtures exposure and breast cancer risk: synergistic effects with SHBG identified by mediation and moderation models.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Blood lead levels and bladder cancer among US participants: NHANES 1999-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Cadmium (Cd)-Induced Malignancy.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Relationships between blood cadmium concentration and risk of nine cancers: evidence from the NHANES 1999-2018 and Mendelian randomization analyses.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Descriptive analysis to establish the prevalence of lead-associated chronic conditions among adult public health registry participants in Flint, Michigan: identifying disparities to support focused recovery efforts.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Health effects associated with measured contaminants in the Arctic: short communication.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Key recommendations and research priorities of the 2021 AMAP human health assessment.International journal of circumpolar health · 2024Article
- Article
- Blood Cadmium Level Is a Marker of Cancer Risk in Men.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Is there an association of blood cadmium level with nonmelanoma skin cancer: results from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Research Recommendations for Selected IARC-Classified Agents: Impact and Lessons Learned.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Review
- Assessment of Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) Blood Concentration on the Risk of Endometrial Cancer.Biology · 2023Article
- Dietary Trace Element Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Mini Review.Biological trace element research · 2022Review
- Association between serum folate levels and blood concentrations of cadmium and lead in US adults.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cadmium and lead have been classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, their associations with breast cancer risk are unknown despite their persistence in the environment and ubiquitous human exposure. We examined associations of circulating levels of cadmium and lead with breast cancer risk in three case-control studies nested within the Cancer Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) LifeLink Cohort, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Italy (EPIC-Italy) and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS) cohorts. Metal levels were measured in stored erythrocytes from 1,435 cases and 1,433 controls using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models with each study result weighted by the within- and between-study variances. I
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.