ArticleInternational journal of cancer2019
Traditional and commercial alcohols and esophageal cancer risk in Kenya.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell cancer identifies shared and distinct risk variants in African and Chinese populations.American journal of human genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Environmental and life-style risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Health effects associated with alcohol consumption: a Burden of Proof study.Nature health · 2026Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of esophageal cancer using the 2019 global burden of disease study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Uncovering newly identified aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic variants that lead to acetaldehyde accumulation after an alcohol challenge.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Landscape of esophageal cancer in Northern Kenya: experience from Garissa Regional Cancer Center.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- A Genomic Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Eastern Africa.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Global trends in the burden of esophageal cancer, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Drinking patterns, alcoholic beverage types, and esophageal cancer risk in Africa: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- A very-hot food and beverage thermal exposure index and esophageal cancer risk in Malawi and Tanzania: findings from the ESCCAPE case-control studies.British journal of cancer · 2022Article
- The evidence gap between alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in east Africa - Authors' reply.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Alcohol consumption and oesophageal squamous cell cancer risk in east Africa: findings from the large multicentre ESCCAPE case-control study in Kenya, Tanzania, and Malawi.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Article
- Distance to Health Care Facilities, Lifestyle Risk Factors, and Stage at Diagnosis in relation to Geographic Pattern of Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania, 2006-2016.Journal of cancer epidemiology · 2022Article
- Geophagia and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in the African esophageal cancer corridor: Findings from the ESCCAPE multicountry case-control studies.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Research on esophageal cancer: With personal perspectives from studies in China and Kenya.International journal of cancer · 2021Review
- Indoor wood combustion, carcinogenic exposure and esophageal cancer in southwest Kenya.Environment international · 2021Article
- The global, regional, and national burden of oesophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Squamous cell esophageal cancer is common throughout East Africa, but its etiology is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of alcohol consumption to esophageal cancer in Kenya, based on a hospital-based case-control study conducted from 08/2013 to 03/2018 in Eldoret, western Kenya. Cases had an endoscopy-confirmed esophageal tumor whose histology did not rule out squamous cell carcinoma. Age and gender frequency-matched controls were recruited from hospital visitors/patients without digestive diseases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for tobacco (type, intensity) and 6 other potential confounders. A total of 422 cases (65% male, mean at diagnosis 60 (SD 14) years) and 414 controls were included. ORs for ever-drinking were stronger in ever-tobacco users (9.0, 95% CI: 3.4, 23.8, with few tobacco users who were never drinkers) than in never-tobacco users (2.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.1). Risk increased linearly with number of drinks: OR for >6 compared to >0 to ≤2 drinks/day were 5.2 (2.4, 11.4) in ever-tobacco users and 2.1 (0.7, 4.4) in never-tobacco users. Although most ethanol came from low ethanol alcohols (busaa or beer), for the same ethanol intake, if a greater proportion came from the moonshine chang'aa, it was associated with a specific additional risk. The population attributable fraction for >2 drinks per day was 48% overall and highest in male tobacco users. Alcohol consumption, particularly of busaa and chang'aa, contributes to half of the esophageal cancer burden in western Kenya.
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