ReviewSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2018
Intra- and Inter-Muscular Variations in Hamstring Architecture and Mechanics and Their Implications for Injury: A Narrative Review.
Review in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05393960 (Effects of Lumbosacral Mobility Program on Muscle Length in Sedentary Young Adults With Tight Hamstrings), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Lumbosacral Mobility Program on Muscle Length in Sedentary Young Adults With Tight Hamstrings
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Training and Detraining Effects of Eccentric Exercise and Static Stretching on Hamstring Aponeurosis Dimensions.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Time course and regional heterogeneity of hamstring muscle thickness after maximal concentric exercise in men and women.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Modulation of Hamstrings Neural Drive During Isometric Contractions of the Hip Extensors and Knee Flexors.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- The "Bunny Tail" Lesion: An MRI Pattern of Proximal Biceps Femoris Tendon Injury With Rapid Return to Play in Elite Soccer Players-a Retrospective Observational Case Series.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Intra- and intermuscular shear wave speed distributions in the human hamstrings during isometric and eccentric contractions.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Independent neural drives and distinct motor unit discharge characteristics in hamstring muscles during isometric knee flexion.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Linear Extrapolation and Extended Field-of-View Methods of Biceps Femoris Long Head Regional Architecture.Exercise, sport & movement · 2026Article
- Radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy modulates hamstring stiffness and flexibility in young males with hamstring tightness: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Electromyography activity of posterior oblique sling muscles during high-speed running in elite soccer players: risk factors for hamstring injury.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Neuromechanical basis of region-specific differences and their implications for sport performance and injury prevention: a narrative review.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Running Load, Strength, Muscle Architecture and Hamstring Strain Injury Across Two Seasons of Elite Male Australian Football: A Prospective Cohort Study.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Impact of Hamstring Graft on Hamstring Peak Torque and Maximum Effective Angle After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: An Exploratory and Preliminary Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anatomical insights into the proximal aponeurosis of the long head of the biceps femoris.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2025Article
- Reliability of Semitendinosus and Biceps Femoris Aponeurosis Thickness Using B-Mode Ultrasound.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of manual and semi-automated algorithm for measuring architectural features during different isometric knee extension intensities: a reliability and comparative study in novice raters.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
- Distal hamstrings tendons mechanical properties at rest and contraction using free-hand 3-D ultrasonography.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2024Article
- Traumatic muscle injury.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Influence of ultrasound machine settings on quantitative measures derived from spatial frequency analysis of muscle tissue.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Using Quantitative Ultrasound: A Narrative Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of different isometric trunk extension intensities on the muscle stiffness of the lumbar and lower limbs.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the architecture, anatomy, and biomechanics of the hamstrings may assist in explaining the mechanisms that affect and improve their function. The aim of this review is to specifically examine intra- and inter-muscular variations in architecture and mechanical properties of the hamstrings. Of the hamstrings, the long head of the biceps femoris shows the shortest and more pennated fibers. The semimembranosus has a similar muscle architecture with a long head of the biceps femoris but it has a different proximal attachment as well as a different moment arm compared with the long head of the biceps femoris. For the same joint motion, the semitendinosus displays less relative strain than the other hamstrings probably owing to a greater length, longer fascicles and, possibly, a longer tendon. Intra-muscular variations in architecture are documented but their implications are currently unclear. Proximally, the long head of the biceps femoris has shorter and more pennated fibers coupled with a narrower aponeurosis than distally, while the semitendinosus is the only muscle that entails a tendinous inscription. In conclusion, some of the identified intra- and inter-muscular variations in architecture may help explain why some muscles sustain injuries more than others. In the same line, exercises designed for the hamstrings may not provide the same stimulus for all components of this muscle group. Future research could examine whether intervention strategies that target specific muscles or specific areas of the hamstrings may offer additional benefits for injury prevention or rehabilitation of their function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.