SynthesisMolecular psychiatry2019
Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and infections in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Molecular psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 121 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 224 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Carnosine/histidine-containing dipeptide supplementation improves depression and quality of life: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Chemokine Dysregulation and Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients With Unipolar Depression Compared With Healthy Control Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria and Psychiatric Symptoms: The Blood-Brain Barrier Hypothesis.Experimental dermatology · 2026Review
- Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- From weather to symptoms: Preliminary links between weather and inflammation in schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- The Danish Region Midt Schizophrenia Cohort - Representative, long-term follow-up of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder.Acta neuropsychiatrica · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation: an unfortunate term to describe schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Peripheral complement C4 protein in schizophrenia: Association with gene copy number and immune cell subtypes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Linking peripheral low-grade inflammation and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier leakage in schizophrenia spectrum disorders - A retrospective analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Dissecting the genetic relationship between severe mental disorders and autoimmune diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- CSF Leukocytes in Intracranial Infections: Diagnostic, Mechanistic, and Therapeutic Insights for Neurocritical Care.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Machine learning for immune biomarkers in severe mental illness: a systematic review.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Markers of neuroinflammation in the CSF of patients with difficult to treat psychiatric disease.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a genetic association.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Autoantibodies and Inflammation in Schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Review
- Gut-brain-immune axis implications for mental health and disease.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Blood‑brain barrier dysfunction in schizophrenia: Mechanisms and implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infections and inflammatory processes have been associated with the development of schizophrenia and affective disorders; however, no study has yet systematically reviewed all available studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune alterations. We aimed to systematically review the CSF immunological findings in schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders. We identified all studies investigating CSF inflammatory markers in persons with schizophrenia or affective disorders published prior to March 23, 2017 searching PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and LILACS. Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with standardized mean difference (SMD) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed on case-healthy control studies. We identified 112 CSF studies published between 1942-2016, and 32 case-healthy control studies could be included in meta-analyses. Studies varied regarding gender distribution, age, disease duration, treatment, investigated biomarkers, and whether recruitment happened consecutively or based on clinical indication. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was increased in schizophrenia (1 study [54 patients]; SMD = 0.71; 95% CI 0.33-1.09) and affective disorders (4 studies [298 patients]; SMD = 0.41; 95% CI 0.23-0.60, I
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.