ArticleCancer2018
Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence by race/ethnicity and geographic area in California: Implications for prevention.
Article in Cancer, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships Between Living in Ethnic Enclaves and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Southeast Asian Americans: Epidemiologic Trends, Screening Challenges, and Policy Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Pacific Islanders vs. Whites.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2025Article
- Disparities in hysterectomy-corrected endometrial cancer incidence trends by histologic subtype among racial/ethnic groups in California, 2012-2019.Gynecologic oncology · 2025Article
- Latino Enclaves and Healthcare Accessibility: An Ecologic Study Across Five States.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Incidence in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Other Pacific Islander Groups.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Mapping the Hidden Terrain of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Exploring Regional Differences in Incidence and Mortality across Two Decades by Using the Largest US Datasets.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Association of county level poverty with mortality from primary liver cancers.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Disparities in treatment and survival in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in California.Journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes Among Subgroups of Asians and Pacific Islanders: A SEER Database Study.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- Association of nativity with survival among adults with hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma in Pacific Islanders: comparison of Pacific Island-bornHepatoma research · 2023Article
- Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma in Louisiana, 2005-2015.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
- Current status of disparity in liver disease.World journal of hepatology · 2022Review
- Asian American/Pacific Islander and Hispanic Ethnic Enclaves, Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in California: An Update.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Etiology and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Ethnically Diverse Population: The Multiethnic Cohort.Cancers · 2021Article
- Disparities in Presentation at Time of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnosis: A United States Safety-Net Collaborative Study.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been rising rapidly in the United States. California is an ethnically diverse state with the largest number of incident HCC cases in the country. Characterizing HCC disparities in California may inform priorities for HCC prevention.
methodsBy using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18-Registry Database and the California Cancer Registry, age-adjusted HCC incidence in California from 2009 through 2013 was calculated by race/ethnicity and neighborhood ethnic enclave status. A geographic analysis was conducted using Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs) as the geographic unit, and race/ethnicity-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to identify MSSAs with higher-than-expected HCC incidence compared with the statewide average.
resultsDuring 2009 through 2013, the age-adjusted incidence of HCC in California was the highest in Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) and Hispanics (>100% higher than whites), especially those living in more ethnic neighborhoods (20%-30% higher than less ethnic neighborhoods). Of the 542 MSSAs statewide, 42 had elevated HCC incidence (SIR ≥ 1.5; lower bound of 95% confidence interval > 1) for whites, 14 for blacks, 24 for APIs, and 36 for Hispanics. These MSSAs have 24% to 52% higher proportions of individuals below the 100% federal poverty line than other MSSAs.
conclusionsAPIs and Hispanics residing in more ethnic neighborhoods and individuals residing in lower income neighborhoods require more extensive preventive efforts tailored toward their unique risk factor profiles. The current race/ethnicity-specific geographic analysis can be extended to other states to inform priorities for HCC targeted prevention at the subcounty level, eventually reducing HCC burden in the country.
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Registered trials
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