SynthesisThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2018
The Relation Between Thyroid Function and Anemia: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data.
Synthesis in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of iron status indicators with thyroid hormone concentrations during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Thyroid Function Traits Identifies Novel Associations of fT3 With KLF9 and DOT1L.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction and Gestational Anemia Risk: Meta-Analysis and New Data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- No Effect of Levothyroxine on Hemoglobin in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Pooled Results From 2 Randomized Controlled Trials.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Hypothyroidism Versus Hyperthyroidism in Patients With Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: An Observational Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Copper elevation and thyroid dysfunction with roxadustat therapy: an overlooked safety concern in hemodialysis.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of anemia in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Hypothyroidism is associated with higher healthcare utilisation and higher need for blood transfusion after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with osteoarthritis: A National Inpatient Sample analysis.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2026Article
- Thyroid function and anemia: results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Childhood anemia and household salt iodization in Peru: population disparities among children aged 6-59 months.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The gut microbiota in Graves' disease: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for frailty based on thyroid function in older adults.European geriatric medicine · 2025Article
- The Impact of Concomitant Hypothyroid Disease on the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- A Prospective Study on Anemia in Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Unveiling the hidden: acquired pediatric hypothyroidism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Thyroid dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A case-control study.Bioinformation · 2025Article
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- Changes in Erythrocytes in 88 Hyperthyroid Cats.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
39 authors at 20 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Anemia and thyroid dysfunction often co-occur, and both increase with age. Human data on relationships between thyroid disease and anemia are scarce. Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between clinical thyroid status and anemia. Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis. Setting: Sixteen cohorts participating in the Thyroid Studies Collaboration (n = 42,162). Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome measure was anemia (hemoglobin <130 g/L in men and <120 g/L in women). Results: Cross-sectionally, participants with abnormal thyroid status had an increased risk of having anemia compared with euthyroid participants [overt hypothyroidism, pooled OR 1.84 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.50), subclinical hypothyroidism 1.21 (1.02 to 1.43), subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.27 (1.03 to 1.57), and overt hyperthyroidism 1.69 (1.00 to 2.87)]. Hemoglobin levels were lower in all groups compared with participants with euthyroidism. In the longitudinal analyses (n = 25,466 from 14 cohorts), the pooled hazard ratio for the risk of development of anemia was 1.38 (95% CI 0.86 to 2.20) for overt hypothyroidism, 1.18 (1.00 to 1.38) for subclinical hypothyroidism, 1.15 (0.94 to 1.42) for subclinical hyperthyroidism, and 1.47 (0.91 to 2.38) for overt hyperthyroidism. Sensitivity analyses excluding thyroid medication or high levels of C-reactive protein yielded similar results. No differences in mean annual change in hemoglobin levels were observed between the thyroid hormone status groups. Conclusion: Higher odds of having anemia were observed in participants with both hypothyroid function and hyperthyroid function. In addition, reduced thyroid function at baseline showed a trend of increased risk of developing anemia during follow-up. It remains to be assessed in a randomized controlled trial whether treatment is effective in reducing anemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.