ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2018
Sex Differences in the Prenatal Programming of Adult Metabolic Syndrome by Maternal Androgens.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Syndrome in Offspring of Parents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis.Obesity facts · 2021Pooled it
- Persistence of cardiac malprogramming in late gestational fetal sheep by early to midgestational testosterone excess.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Article
- Early menopause in mothers and the risks of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in female and male offspring: a population-based cohort study.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the sensitization of prenatally programmed hypertension.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Preconceptional maternal hyperandrogenism and metabolic syndrome risk in male offspring: a long-term population-based study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Obesity: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Maternal androgen excess increases the risk of metabolic syndrome in female offspring in their later life: A long-term population-based follow-up study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Maternal androgen excess increases the risk of pre-diabetes mellitus in male offspring in later life: a long-term population-based follow-up study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Developmental programming: adverse sexually dimorphic transcriptional programming of gestational testosterone excess in cardiac left ventricle of fetal sheep.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Early exposure to wildfire smoke can lead to birth defects.Frontiers in toxicology · 2023Article
- Maternal hyperandrogenism is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and overweight in adolescent and adult female offspring: a long-term population-based follow-up study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- Sexual dimorphism in testosterone programming of cardiomyocyte development in sheep.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2022Article
- The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: does multivitamin use matter?Epidemiology and health · 2022Article
- Sex-dependent associations of maternal androgen levels with offspring BMI and weight trajectory from birth to early childhood.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Article
- Stress, Sex, and Sugar: Glucocorticoids and Sex-Steroid Crosstalk in the Sex-Specific Misprogramming of Metabolism.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Review
- Synergistic Effects of Hyperandrogenemia and Obesogenic Western-style Diet on Transcription and DNA Methylation in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Nonhuman Primates.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Context: Growing preclinical evidence suggests that hormonal programming by androgens in utero may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in adult offspring. However, the effect of prenatal androgens on cardiometabolic outcomes in the human population, especially their potential differential impact on male vs female offspring, has not been well studied. Design: Adult offspring (n = 274) of mothers enrolled in the New England birth cohorts of the Collaborative Perinatal Project were assessed at ages 39 to 50. Androgen bioactivity was measured in maternal serum during the third trimester using a receptor-mediated luciferase expression bioassay. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was assessed in adult offspring. Bioactive androgens were analyzed as quartiles, with the lowest quartile (Q1) defined as the reference. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the relationship of maternal bioactive androgens on offspring MetS risk overall and by sex, controlling for potential confounders and intrafamilial correlation. Results: Mean age and body mass index of adult offspring were 44.7 ± 2.6 years and 29.7 ± 6.7 kg/m2, respectively. Participants born to mothers with the highest quartile (Q4) compared with Q1 of bioactive androgens had higher risk for MetS [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.53(1.07 to 6.02)]. Stratified by sex, this association was found to be significant among women [Q4 vs Q1; aOR: 4.06 (1.10 to 14.93)] but not men [Q4 vs Q1; aOR: 1.67 (0.53 to 5.26)]. Women born to mothers with the highest levels of maternal bioactive androgens also demonstrated a 4.84-fold increased odds for having hypertension [Q4 vs Q1; aOR: 4.84 (1.12 to 20.85)]. Conclusion: Higher levels of maternal androgens were associated with increased risk for incident MetS in adult offspring, an effect that was significant in women but not men.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.