ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2018
Poxviral protein E3-altered cytokine production reveals that DExD/H-box helicase 9 controls Toll-like receptor-stimulated immune responses.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dsRNA Viral Transcriptional Regulator Evades Innate Immunity by Hijacking Host CoTranscription Factor DHX9.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Vaccinia Virus-A Swiss Army Knife Against Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Established and Emerging Roles of DEAD/H-Box Helicases in Regulating Infection and Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Cellular senescence-associated genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Identification and functional analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- DDX5 inhibits inflammation by modulating m6A levels of TLR2/4 transcripts during bacterial infection.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Poxviruses and the immune system: Implications for monkeypox virus.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- The A137R Protein of African Swine Fever Virus Inhibits Type I Interferon Production via the Autophagy-Mediated Lysosomal Degradation of TBK1.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- System analysis based on the cancer-immunity cycle identifies ZNF207 as a novel immunotherapy target for hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Small Hero with Great Powers: Vaccinia Virus E3 Protein and Evasion of the Type I IFN Response.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- DExD/H-box helicases: multifunctional regulators in antiviral innate immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Battle Royale: Innate Recognition of Poxviruses and Viral Immune Evasion.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- RNA Helicase A/DHX9 Forms Unique Cytoplasmic Antiviral Granules That Restrict Oncolytic Myxoma Virus Replication in Human Cancer Cells.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Direct Phenotyping and Principal Component Analysis of Type Traits Implicate Novel QTL in Bovine Mastitis through Genome-Wide Association.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Injection site vaccinology of a recombinant vaccinia-based vector reveals diverse innate immune signatures.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Innate Immunity: Friends or Foes?Microorganisms · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect viruses and other pathogens, inducing production of cytokines that cause inflammation and mobilize cells to control infection. Vaccinia virus (VACV) encodes proteins that antagonize these host innate immune responses, and elucidating the mechanisms of action of these viral proteins helped shed light on PRR signaling mechanisms. The VACV virulence factor E3 is one of the most intensely studied VACV proteins and has multiple effects on host cells, many of which cannot be explained by the currently known cellular targets of E3. Here, we report that E3 expression in human monocytes alters TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, and particularly inhibits interleukin (IL)-6. Using MS, we identified DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9) as an E3 target. Although DHX9 has previously been implicated as a PRR for sensing nucleic acid in dendritic cells, we found no role for DHX9 as a nucleic acid-sensing PRR in monocytes. Rather, DHX9 suppression in these cells phenocopied the effects of E3 expression on TLR2- and TLR8-dependent cytokine induction, in that DHX9 was required for all TLR8-dependent cytokines measured, and for TLR2-dependent IL-6. Furthermore, DHX9 also had a cell- and stimulus-independent role in IL-6 promoter induction. DHX9 enhanced NF-κB-dependent IL-6 promoter activation, which was directly antagonized by E3. These results indicate new roles for DHX9 in regulating cytokines in innate immunity and reveal that VACV E3 disrupts innate immune responses by targeting of DHX9.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.