ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2018
Protein Intake during the First Two Years of Life and Its Association with Growth and Risk of Overweight.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed term infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Protein Intake from Birth to 2 Years and Obesity Outcomes in Later Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Association of Protein Intake during the Second Year of Life with Weight Gain-Related Outcomes in Childhood: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- The Influence of Intensive Nutritional Education on the Iron Status in Infants-Randomised Controlled Study.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Effect of a high-protein and low-glycaemic index diet during pregnancy in women with overweight or obesity on offspring metabolic health-A randomized controlled trial.Pediatric obesity · 2025Trial
- Neonatal Birthweight, Infant Feeding, and Childhood Metabolic Markers.American journal of perinatology · 2022Trial
- Early Nutritional Education in the Prevention of Childhood Obesity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Association of a high-protein and low-glycemic-index diet during pregnancy with offspring growth and obesity until the age of 18 years - a target trial emulation.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Observational
- Controversies in Parenteral Protein Intake in Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The association between total, animal, and plant protein intake and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in overweight and obese children and adolescents.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Is Breastfeeding an Effective Approach to Reduce Metabolic Risk After GDM in Mothers and Infants?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Protocol: the International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium - a harmonized secondary analysis of human milk from four studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Anthropometric Indicators and Dietary Intake in Toddlers Aged from 12 to 24 Months Who Attended Private Clinics in the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Article
- Nutrient intakes from complementary foods are associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers among undernourished Peruvian children.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- Predictive Utility of Composite Child Feeding Indices (CCFIs) for Child Nutritional Status: Comparative Analyses for the Most Suitable Formula for Constructing an Optimum CCFI.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Burden of Early Life Obesity and Its Relationship with Protein Intake in Infancy: The Middle East Expert Consensus.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth patterns early in life could exert a long-term impact on overweight and obesity development. Among all potential manipulative factors, infant diet is one of the most influential and could affect growth and subsequent health status during adolescence and adulthood. Dietary protein, as an important macronutrient in infants' diet, has been of special interest to researchers. Compared with human milk, infant formula tends to have a higher protein content and is associated with greater weight gain and later-in-life obesity risk. However, the effect of protein from other sources on infant growth trajectories during complementary feeding is not clear. Emerging research suggests that meat protein during early complementary feeding promotes linear growth while not increasing risk of overweight compared with dairy protein; and the gut microbiota might be a mediator between protein quality and growth trajectories. This review addresses the current knowledge of protein intake from birth to 24 months and its relationship with growth and risk of overweight.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.