ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Immune Cell Hacking: Challenges and Clinical Approaches to Create Smarter Generations of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Recent Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Limitations of CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies: Focusing on Antigen Escape and T-Cell Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Anti-B Cell Strategy in Nephrotic Syndrome: Beyond Rituximab.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- State of the art in CAR-based therapy: In vivo CAR production as a revolution in cell-based cancer treatment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Targeting cancer stem cells with CAR-based immunotherapy: biology, evidence, and future directions.Cancer cell international · 2025Review
- Harnessing IL-27: challenges and potential in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Significant Advancements and Evolutions in Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Breaking the shield of solid tumors: a combined approach for enhanced efficacy of CAR-T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Review
- Th17 cell function in cancers: immunosuppressive agents or anti-tumor allies?Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
- CAR-T lymphocyte-based cell therapies; mechanistic substantiation, applications and biosafety enhancement with suicide genes: new opportunities to melt side effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- The CAR macrophage cells, a novel generation of chimeric antigen-based approach against solid tumors.Biomarker research · 2023Review
- CAR-modified immune cells as a rapidly evolving approach in the context of cancer immunotherapies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Review
- Targeting the dendritic cell-T cell axis to develop effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Modern Advances in CARs Therapy and Creating a New Approach to Future Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- CAR-T cell combination therapy: the next revolution in cancer treatment.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Engineering CpG-ASO-Pt-Loaded Macrophages (CAP@M) for Synergistic Chemo-/Gene-/Immuno-Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Article
- CAR T-Cell-Based gene therapy for cancers: new perspectives, challenges, and clinical developments.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR T cells) have recently provided promising advances as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment. CAR T cell therapy has shown stunning results especially in B-cell malignancies; however, it has shown less success against solid tumors, which is more supposed to be related to the specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the structure of the CAR, current clinical advantages from finished and ongoing trials, adverse effects, challenges and controversies, new engineering methods of CAR, and clinical considerations that are associated with CAR T cell therapy both in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Also, we provide a comprehensive description of recently introduced modifications for designing smarter models of CAR T cells. Specific hurdles and problems that limit the optimal function of CAR T cells, especially on solid tumors, and possible solutions according to new modifications and generations of CAR T cells have been introduced here. We also provide information of the future directions on how to enhance engineering the next smarter generations of CAR T cells in order to decrease the adverse effects and increase the potency and efficacy of CAR T cells against cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.