ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2019
Microbial Translocation Does Not Drive Immune Activation in Ugandan Children Infected With HIV.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- BeyondFrontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Short-term antiretroviral therapy may not correct the dysregulations of plasma virome and cytokines induced by HIV-1 infection.Virulence · 2025Article
- Pro-inflammation and clinical correlates of unsuppressed HIV-viral load in children living with perinatally-acquired HIV 1 in Zambia.PloS one · 2025Article
- Distinct fecal microbial signatures are linked to sex and chronic immune activation in pediatric HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Gastrointestinal Diseases in Children Living with HIV.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Effect of Stopping Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy on Microbial Translocation and Inflammatory Markers Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Ugandan Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy: The COSTOP Trial Immunology Substudy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Altered Intestinal Permeability and Fungal Translocation in Ugandan Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Daily variations of gut microbial translocation markers in ART-treated HIV-infected people.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Dysfunctional Immunometabolism in HIV Infection: Contributing Factors and Implications for Age-Related Comorbid Diseases.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Plasma calprotectin as a biomarker of mortality at antiretroviral treatment initiation in advanced HIV - pilot study.Wellcome open research · 2020Article
- Biological Aging and Immune Senescence in Children with Perinatally Acquired HIV.Journal of immunology research · 2020Review
- Noncommunicable diseases in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV-1 infection in high-income and low-income settings.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Objective: Immune activation is associated with morbidity and mortality during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, despite receipt of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated whether microbial translocation drives immune activation in HIV-infected Ugandan children. Methods: Nineteen markers of immune activation and inflammation were measured over 96 weeks in HIV-infected Ugandan children in the CHAPAS-3 Trial and HIV-uninfected age-matched controls. Microbial translocation was assessed using molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing. Results: Of 249 children included, 142 were infected with HIV; of these, 120 were ART naive, with a median age of 2.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.7-4.0 years) and a median baseline CD4+ T-cell percentage of 20% (IQR, 14%-24%), and 22 were ART experienced, with a median age of 6.5 years (IQR, 5.9-9.2 years) and a median baseline CD4+ T-cell percentage of 35% (IQR, 31%-39%). The control group comprised 107 children without HIV infection. The median increase in the CD4+ T-cell percentage was 17 percentage points (IQR, 12-22 percentage points) at week 96 among ART-naive children, and the viral load was <100 copies/mL in 76% of ART-naive children and 91% of ART-experienced children. Immune activation decreased with ART use. Children could be divided on the basis of immune activation markers into the following 3 clusters: in cluster 1, the majority of children were HIV uninfected; cluster 2 comprised a mix of HIV-uninfected children and HIV-infected ART-naive or ART-experienced children; and in cluster 3, the majority were ART naive. Immune activation was low in cluster 1, decreased in cluster 3, and persisted in cluster 2. Blood microbial DNA levels were negative or very low across groups, with no difference between clusters except for Enterobacteriaceae organisms (the level was higher in cluster 1; P < .0001). Conclusion: Immune activation decreased with ART use, with marker clustering indicating different activation patterns according to HIV and ART status. Levels of bacterial DNA in blood were low regardless of HIV status, ART status, and immune activation status. Microbial translocation did not drive immune activation in this setting. Clinical Trials Registration: ISRCTN69078957.
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