ArticleRNA biology2019
Comparative genomics and evolution of trans-activating RNAs in Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems.
Article in RNA biology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems including rare variants.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Unlocking genetic potential: a review of the role of CRISPR/Cas technologies in rapeseed improvement.Stress biology · 2025Review
- Cas9-independent tracrRNA cytotoxicity inmicroLife · 2025Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: a novel strategy for fighting drug resistance in respiratory disorders.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Review
- Potential therapeutic strategies for osteoarthritis via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Factors affecting the cleavage efficiency of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.Animal cells and systems · 2024Review
- Widespread CRISPR-derived RNA regulatory elements in CRISPR-Cas systems.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Vector enabled CRISPR gene editing - A revolutionary strategy for targeting the diversity of brain pathologies.Coordination chemistry reviews · 2023Article
- Widespread CRISPR repeat-like RNA regulatory elements in CRISPR-Cas systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- A new family of CRISPR-type V nucleases with C-rich PAM recognition.EMBO reports · 2022Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 application in cancer therapy: a pioneering genome editing tool.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2022Review
- Analysis of Probiotic Bacteria Genomes: Comparison of CRISPR/Cas Systems and Spacer Acquisition Diversity.Indian journal of microbiology · 2022Article
- Evolutionary plasticity and functional versatility of CRISPR systems.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Harnessing CRISPR-Cas to Combat COVID-19: From Diagnostics to Therapeutics.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Divergent degeneration of creA antitoxin genes from minimal CRISPRs and the convergent strategy of tRNA-sequestering CreT toxins.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- Identification and Evolution of Cas9 tracrRNAs.The CRISPR journal · 2021Article
- Evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems: a burst of class 2 and derived variants.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
- Types I and V Anti-CRISPR Proteins: From Phage Defense to Eukaryotic Synthetic Gene Circuits.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- How CRISPR-Cas System Could Be Used to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- CRISPR-Cas in mobile genetic elements: counter-defence and beyond.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trans-activating CRISPR (tracr) RNA is a distinct RNA species that interacts with the CRISPR (cr) RNA to form the dual guide (g) RNA in type II and subtype V-B CRISPR-Cas systems. The tracrRNA-crRNA interaction is essential for pre-crRNA processing as well as target recognition and cleavage. The tracrRNA consists of an antirepeat, which forms an imperfect hybrid with the repeat in the crRNA, and a distal region containing a Rho-independent terminator. Exhaustive comparative analysis of the sequences and predicted structures of the Class 2 CRISPR guide RNAs shows that all these guide RNAs share distinct structural features, in particular, the nexus stem-loop that separates the repeat-antirepeat hybrid from the distal portion of the tracrRNA and the conserved GU pair at that end of the hybrid. These structural constraints might ensure full exposure of the spacer for target recognition. Reconstruction of tracrRNA evolution for 4 tight bacterial groups demonstrates random drift of repeat-antirepeat complementarity within a window of hybrid stability that is, apparently, maintained by selection. An evolutionary scenario is proposed whereby tracrRNAs evolved on multiple occasions, via rearrangement of a CRISPR array to form the antirepeat in different locations with respect to the array. A functional tracrRNA would form if, in the new location, the antirepeat is flanked by sequences that meet the minimal requirements for a promoter and a Rho-independent terminator. Alternatively, or additionally, the antirepeat sequence could be occasionally 'reset' by recombination with a repeat, restoring the functionality of tracrRNAs that drift beyond the required minimal hybrid stability.
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