ArticlePloS one2018
Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers in lower basic schools in West Coast Region of The Gambia.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Risk factors for fecal carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Pooled it
- Gut mucosal colonisation with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Wellcome open research · 2019Pooled it
- High Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Adults in a Community Setting in Tanzania.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Fecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. and associated factors among dairy farm milkers in Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Drug Resistance Patterns, and Associated Factors of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Among Food Handlers in Student Cafeterias at Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
- Article
- Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonates and pediatric patients: antibiotic resistance, β-Lactamase genes, and sociodemographic risk factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Uropathogens: A Retrospective Study at a Primary Care Hospital in Ghana.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial ResistantPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bloodstream infections at a tertiary hospital in the Gambia - a one-year retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Fecal carriage of carbapenemase and AmpC-β-lactamase producers among extended spectrum β-Lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates in patients attending hospitals.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The burden, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producingFrontiers in antibiotics · 2025Article
- Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing enterobacterales among HIV patients at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Antibiotics susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacteria: a cross-sectional analytic study at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Risk Factors, Temporal Dependence, and Seasonality of Human Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Colonization in Malawi: A Longitudinal Model-Based Approach.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Article
- Prevalence and patient related factors associated with Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection among pediatric patients in Tanzania.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Carriage Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacterales in Outpatients Attending Community Health Centers in Blantyre, Malawi.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Heavy Metal Tolerance Trend in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Strains Recovered from Food Samples.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe isolation of Extended spectrum βlactamase (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers and their implication as sources of food borne outbreaks are a public health concern. This study seeks to investigate the prevalence of faecal carriage of these bacteria among food handlers in the West Coast Region of The Gambia.
methodThis study enrolled 600 participants from 60 Lower Basic Schools in West Coast Region of the country. Stool samples collected from the participants were presumptively screened for the ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae, using Drigalski agar, supplemented with 2mg/L cefotaxime. The bacterial colonies that grew on each Drigalski agar were tested for ESBL production by the double disk synergy test as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI-2015). The confirmatory analysis for ESBL was determined as the zone of inhibition of cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime to ≥5mm from that of cefotaxime /clavulanicacid and/or ceftazidime/clavulanic acid. The presumptive screening of isolates for AmpC phenotypes was done by testing the organism against cefoxitin. The prevalence of the ESBL carriage was presented in percentages. The association of risk factors to the faecal carriage of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae was performed by Pearson Chi-squared and Fishers Exact at (p ≤ 0.05).
resultThe prevalence of faecal carriage ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers was 5.0% (28/565). We found50% (14/28) and3.57% (1/28) ESBL producing bacteria were presumptive AmpC and carbapenemase resistance phenotype. Themost abundant ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae were Klebsiella spp 32.1% (9/28) and Escherichia spp 28.6% (8/28). The use of antibiotics in the last 3 months was found to be significantly associated (P = 0.012) with the faecal carriage of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae.
conclusionThe prevalence of faecal carriage of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae among food handlers in the Gambia is low. The history to use of the antibiotics in the last three months was found to be significantly associated with this prevalence. Therefore, the institution of a robust antimicrobial surveillance and treatment of patients with such infections are necessary to curb the spread of these multidrug resistant bacteria in the country. Rational prescription and usage of the antibiotics especially cephalosporin should be advocated both in public and private health facilities.
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