ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2018
Bone Lead Levels and Risk of Incident Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The VA Normative Aging Study.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Circulating Ketone Bodies and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Related Ocular Parameters.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid contributes to primary open-angle glaucoma in a FABP4-Dependent manner: a novel mechanism for environmental risk of glaucoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in leukocytes and toenail metals: The normative aging study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Optimization of a GF-AAS method for lead testing in blood and urine: A useful tool in acute abdominal pain management in emergency.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Heavy Metals Exposure and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Review
- Looking Backward: Long-Term Lead Exposure and Risk of Glaucoma.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOxidative stress may play an important role in the etiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The association between risk of POAG and lead exposure, which is an environmental source of oxidative stress, has not been fully investigated yet.
objectiveOur objective was to determine the association between bone lead—a biomarker of cumulative lead dose (tibia lead) or an endogenous source of stored lead (patella lead)—and incident POAG.
methodsWe examined a prospective cohort of 634 POAG-free men [mean baseline age=66.8 y of age (SD=6.7)] from the Normative Aging Study (NAS) who had tibia and patella K X-ray fluorescence lead measurements between 1 January 1991 and 31 December 1999. They also had standard ocular evaluations by NAS optometrists until 31 December 2014. POAG cases were identified by consistent reports of enlarged or asymmetric cup-to-disc ratio together with visual field defect or existence of disc hemorrhage. We used Cox proportional hazards regressions to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident POAG and adjusted survival curves to examine changes in the risk of POAG during follow-up according to bone lead quartiles.
resultsWe identified 44 incident cases of POAG by the end of follow-up (incidence rate=74 per 10,000 person-years; median follow-up=10.6 y). In fully adjusted models, 10-fold increases in patella lead and tibia lead were associated with HRs of 5.06 (95% CI: 1.61, 15.88,
conclusionsOur study provides longitudinal evidence that bone lead may be an important risk factor for POAG in the U.S. population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3442.
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