ArticleAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2018
Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Retail Environments, and Pedestrian Injury Risk.
Article in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Alcohol Consumption and 15 Causes of Fatal Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Twenty-five-year changes in alcohol environment in US metropolitan areas: Examining patterns by area level sociodemographic characteristics.Cities (London, England) · 2025Article
- Comparing alcohol involvement among injured pedalcycle and motorcycle riders across three national public-use datasets.Traffic injury prevention · 2024Article
- Using SaTScan to identify and map nightlife areas in Philadelphia, PA.Journal of maps · 2024Article
- Measuring and Mapping Alcohol Outlet Environment Density, Clusters, and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Durham, North Carolina, 2017.Preventing chronic disease · 2021Article
- The Corner Liquor Store: Rethinking Toxicity in the Black Metropolis.The Journal of medical humanities · 2021Article
- Alcohol outlets, drug paraphernalia sales, and neighborhood drug overdose.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Evaluation of a Local Ordinance to Prevent Any Underage Purchases in Liquor Stores: The Need for Enforcement.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2021Article
- A Multilevel Model of Alcohol Outlet Density, Individual Characteristics and Alcohol-Related Injury in Argentinean Young Adults.The Canadian journal of addiction · 2020Article
- Using Zoning as a Public Health Tool to Reduce Alcohol Outlet Oversaturation, Promote Compliance, and Guide Future Enforcement: a Preliminary Analysis of Transform Baltimore.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlcohol outlet density has been associated with increased pedestrian injury risk. It is unclear whether this is because alcohol outlets are located in dense retail areas with heavy pedestrian traffic or whether alcohol outlets contribute a unique neighborhood risk. We aimed to compare the pedestrian injury rate around alcohol outlets to the rate around other, similar retail outlets that do not sell alcohol.
methodsA spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury emergency medical services (EMS) records from January 1, 2014 to April 15, 2015 (n = 848); locations of alcohol outlets licensed for off-premise (n = 726) and on-premise consumption (n = 531); and corner (n = 398) and convenience stores (n = 192) that do not sell alcohol. Negative binomial regression was used to determine the relationship between retail outlet count and pedestrian injuries, controlling for key confounding variables. Spatial autocorrelation was also assessed and variable selection adjusted accordingly.
resultsEach additional off-premise alcohol outlet was associated with a 12.3% increase in the rate of neighborhood pedestrian injury when controlling for convenience and corner stores and other confounders (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.123, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.065, 1.184, p < 0.001). The attributable risk was 4.9% (95% CI = 0.3, 8.9) or 41 additional injuries. On-premise alcohol outlets were not significant predictors of neighborhood pedestrian injury rate in multivariable models (IRR = 0.972, 95% CI = 0.940, 1.004, p = 0.194).
conclusionsOff-premise alcohol outlets are associated with pedestrian injury rate, even when controlling for other types of retail outlets. Findings reinforce the importance of alcohol outlets in understanding neighborhood pedestrian injury risk and may provide evidence for informing policy on liquor store licensing, zoning, and enforcement.
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