ReviewVeterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2015
Strategies for the management and prevention of conformation-related respiratory disorders in brachycephalic dogs.
Review in Veterinary medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pterygoid bone malformation and its limitations on the effectiveness of brachycephalic airway corrective surgery in brachycephalic dogs.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- Analysis of human-oriented facial signals of the domestic dog using eye tracker technology.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Canine XX Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (SRY-Negative): A Potential Role for theSexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2026Review
- Quantitative genetic analysis of respiratory function and related traits in Bulldogs, French Bulldogs and Pugs.PloS one · 2026Article
- Breed-Specific Anaesthetic Mortality in Dogs: Evidence from an Analysis of 55,019 Cases.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- The canine welfare, public health and environmental impact of systemic under-regulation within the UK puppy trade: A scoping review.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2025Review
- Short-term effects of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome surgery on fitness and exercise in brachycephalic dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- The beauty of the beast: Suggestions to curb the excesses of dog breeding and restore animal welfare - Invited review.Veterinarni medicina · 2024Review
- Evaluation of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome breeding test results in Finland from 2017 to 2022.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Demography, common disorders and mortality of Shih Tzu dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK.Canine medicine and genetics · 2024Article
- Anatomical, functional, and blood-born predictors of severity of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome severity in French Bulldogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- BrachySound: machine learning based assessment of respiratory sounds in dogs.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the Submaximal Treadmill-Based Fitness Test in Six Brachycephalic Breeds-A Follow-Up Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- The epidemiology of upper respiratory tract disorders in a population of insured Swedish dogs (2011-2014), and its association to brachycephaly.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Nasopharyngeal luminal change on cervical radiography in brachycephalic dogs without respiratory signs.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- Article
- That brachycephalic look: Infant-like facial appearance in short-muzzled dog breeds.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2023Article
- Differences in selected blood parameters between brachycephalic and non-brachycephalic dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The effect of the surgical treatment of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome on the thermoregulatory response to exercise in French bulldogs: a pilot study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Lifetime prevalence of owner-reported medical conditions in the 25 most common dog breeds in the Dog Aging Project pack.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brachycephalic (short-muzzled) dogs are increasingly popular pets worldwide, with marked increases in registrations of breeds such as the Pug and French Bulldog over the past decade in the UK. Despite their popularity, many brachycephalic breeds are affected by an early-onset, lifelong respiratory disorder, brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS). This disorder arises due to a mismatch in the proportions of the skull and the soft tissues held within the nose and pharynx, resulting in obstruction of the airway during respiration. Increased airway resistance encourages secondary changes such as eversion of the laryngeal saccules and collapse of the larynx. Clinical signs of BOAS are often early onset and chronic, including dyspnea, exercise intolerance, heat intolerance, and abnormal and increased respiratory noise. Episodes of severe dyspnea can also occur, leading to cyanosis, syncope, and death. BOAS may have a severe impact upon the welfare of affected dogs, compromising their ability to exercise, play, eat, and sleep. Although a well-described condition, with surgical treatments for the palliation of this disorder published since the 1920s, many dogs still experience airway restrictions postsurgically and a compromised quality of life. In addition, the prevalence of this disorder does not appear to have substantially reduced in this time, and may have increased. Ultimately, strategies to improve the breeding of these dogs to prevent BOAS are required to improve brachycephalic health and welfare. Recent studies have revealed conformational risk factors associated with BOAS, such as short muzzles and thick necks, which should be discouraged to avoid perpetuating this serious disorder. Positive changes to brachycephalic health may be impeded by a perception of BOAS being "normal for the breed". This perception must be avoided by owners, breeders, and vets alike to prevent undertreatment of individuals and the perpetuation of this serious disorder to future generations of dogs.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.