ArticleJournal of pediatric infectious diseases2018
Validity of Neuropsychological Testing in Young African Children Affected by HIV.
Article in Journal of pediatric infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Validity and Reliability of Assessment Tools for Executive Function and Adaptive Function Following Brain Pathology among Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Neuropsychology review · 2022Pooled it
- Neurocognitive gains among Ugandan children with sickle cell anemia on hydroxyurea: 18-month interim trial results.Blood advances · 2025Trial
- Growth, clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes at school age are similar for children who received 1-year lamivudine or lopinavir/ritonavir HIV prophylaxis in early life.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Adaptation and test-retest reliability of a mobile neurocognitive battery for assessing neurotoxicity in rural children in Bangladesh.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Executive Function and Adherence in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV: Evidence From the HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia (HANDZ) Study.Journal of child neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of fine particulate matter air pollution (PMEnvironment international · 2025Observational
- Associations between the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) in rural school-aged children in Benin Africa.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Language outcomes of preschool children who are HIV-exposed uninfected: An analysis of a South African cohort.PloS one · 2024Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the computerized battery for neuropsychological evaluation of children (BENCI) among school aged children in the context of HIV in an urban Kenyan setting.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Assessment Tools for Executive Function and Adaptive Function Following Brain Pathology Among Children in Developing Country Contexts: a Scoping Review of Current Tools.Neuropsychology review · 2022Article
- Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) of attention in younger HIV-exposed Ugandan children predicts Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) at school age.Neuropsychology · 2022Article
- Central Nervous System Impact of Perinatally Acquired HIV in Adolescents and Adults: an Update.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Antiretroviral choice and severe disease predict poorer neuropsychological outcomes in HIV+ children from Africa.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Nonverbal cognitive assessment of children in Tanzania with and without HIV.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2022Article
- Neurodevelopmental assessment at one year of age predicts neuropsychological performance at six years in a cohort of West African Children.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2021Article
- Neurocognitive function among HIV-infected children on protease inhibitor -based versus non-protease inhibitor based antiretroviral therapy in Uganda: a pilot study.BMC pediatrics · 2021Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth infection in pregnancy and long-term child neurocognitive and behavioral development: A prospective mother-child cohort in Benin.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Suubi+Adherence-Round 2: A study protocol to examine the longitudinal HIV treatment adherence among youth living with HIV transitioning into young adulthood in Southern Uganda.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Parent Report of Health Related Quality of Life in Young Children in Rural Guatemala: Implementation, Reliability, and Validity of the PedsQL in Stunting and Wasting.Global pediatric health · 2021Article
- Neurocognitive Complications of Pediatric HIV Infections.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWestern-constructed neuropsychological tests have been used in low and middle income countries to assess the impact of HIV/AIDS and other chronic illnesses. We explore using such instruments cross-culturally in a sub-Saharan Africa setting.
methodsIMPAACT P1104S was a two-year observational study carried out at six clinical sites (South Africa- 3 sites, Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe) to assess and compare neuropsychological outcomes in three cohorts of children 5-11 years of age: HIV-infected (HIV), HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) and HIV unexposed and uninfected (HU). Descriptive statistics compared socio-demographic characteristics among children at sites. Instruments included the KABC-II cognitive ability, TOVA attention/impulsivity, BOT-2 motor proficiency tests, and BRIEF executive function problems. Test characteristics were assessed using intraclass and Spearman non-parametric correlations, linear regression and principal factor analyses.
resultsOf the 611 participants, 50% were male and mean age ranged from 6.6 to 8 years. In Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe, substantial proportions of families lived in rural settings in contrast to the South African sites. Intraclass correlation coefficients between weeks 0 and 48 were highest for the KABC scores, ranging between 0.42 to 0.71.Correlations among similar test domains were low to moderate but significant, with positive correlation between KABC Sequential and TOVA scores and negative correlation between BRIEF and KABC scores. TOVA response time scores correlated negatively with the BOT-2 Total points score. Strong and significant associations between individual measures of growth, disability and development with all test scores were observed. Performance-based measures were markedly lower for HIV compared to HEU and HU participants, even after controlling for age, sex and site. Factor analyses confirmed the underlying theoretical structure of the KABC scaled item scores.
conclusionThe KABC, TOVA, BRIEF and BOT-2 were valid and reliable tools for assessing the neuropsychological impact of HIV in four sub-Saharan African countries.
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