ArticleEpidemiology and infection2018
The shift in seasonality of legionellosis in the USA.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Climate Change on Legionnaire's Disease: A Systematic Review.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Pooled it
- Community-AcquiredPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incorporating Incubation Period Distributions to Precisely Estimate the Association Between Rainfall and Legionella Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Global Burden and Trends of Legionella spp. Infection-Associated Diseases from 1990 to 2021: An Observational Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Observational
- Foresight 2035: a perspective on the next decade of research on the management of Legionella spp. in engineered aquatic environments.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Trends of legionellosis reported in Jeju Province, Republic of Korea, 2015-2022.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2023Article
- Legionellosis on the rise: A scoping review of sporadic, community-acquired incidence in the United States.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Legionellosis-Associated Hospitalization in Spain from 2002 to 2021.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Global seasonal and pandemic patterns in influenza: An application of longitudinal study designs.International statistical review = Revue internationale de statistique · 2022Article
- A risk model to identify Legionella among patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of hospital medicine · 2022Article
- Exploring Risk Factors of Recall-Associated Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in the United States, 2009-2019.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Rising Incidence of Legionnaires' Disease and Associated Epidemiologic Patterns, United States, 1992-2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Review
- Review
- The Seasonal Microbial Ecology of Plankton and Plankton-Associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Northeast United States.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Trends in the incidence and mortality of legionellosis in Japan: a nationwide observational study, 1999-2017.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- [Legionelosis en España, 2010-2015].Biomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2021Article
- Seasonal synchronization of foodborne outbreaks in the United States, 1996-2017.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- An analecta of visualizations for foodborne illness trends and seasonality.Scientific data · 2020Article
- Effects of Data Aggregation on Time Series Analysis of Seasonal Infections.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2000 to 2014, reported cases of legionellosis per 100 000 population increased by 300% in the USA, although reports on disease seasonality are inconsistent. Using two national databases, we assessed seasonal patterns of legionellosis in the USA. We created a monthly time series from 1993 to 2015 of reported cases of legionellosis from the CDC, and from 1997 to 2006 of medical claims of legionellosis-related hospitalisation in older adults from the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS). We split the study time interval into two segments (before and after 2003), and applied a Poisson harmonic regression model to each dataset and each segment. The time series of monthly counts exhibited a significant shift of seasonal peaks from mid-September (9.676 ± 0.164 months) before 2003 to mid-August (8.452 ± 0.042 months) after 2003, along with an alarming increase in the amplitude of seasonal peaks in both CDC and CMS data. The lowest monthly reported cases of legionellosis in 2015 (281) exceed the maximum value reported before 2003 (206). We also observed a discrepancy between CDC and CMS data, suggesting that not all cases of legionellosis diagnosed by hospital-based laboratories were reported to the CDC. Improved reporting of legionellosis is required to better inform the public and organise disease prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.