Public acceptability of computer-controlled antibiotic management: An exploration of automated dosing and opportunities for implementation.

A paucity of data describing citizen perceptions of novel technologies, including those containing unsupervised computer-controlled systems is currently available. We explored citizen perceptions of using a microneedle biosensor and automated dose control system at a university public festival. Groups of citizens (from 2-6 people per group) attended a short demonstration of a microneedle biosensor and automated dosing system versus a traditional phlebotomy approach over a two-day public festival. Individual groups discussed and reached consensus on a number of short questions regarding their perceptions on the acceptability of such technology. Over the two days, 100 groups participated (56/100 day 1 and 44/100 day 2). The majority of individuals reported high acceptability of microneedle technology (median Likert score 9/10), but the majority believed that doctors should decide what dose of antibiotic is delivered (75/100; 75%). Groups concurred with the acceptability of microneedles to reduce blood tests and pain associated with them. However, concerns were reported over unsupervised computer-controlled programmes making decision about antibiotic dosing. This was driven by concerns over computer error and the inability of systems to contextualise decision making to the human and social context. Future work must consider the greater role of citizen engagement in the development of such technologies, to ensure their acceptability upon implementation in clinical practice.