ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2018
Differences in elbow extensor muscle characteristics between resistance-trained men and women.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the effectiveness of preventive training programs in reducing the incidence of knee injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Patterns of responses and time-course of changes in muscle size and strength during low-load blood flow restriction resistance training in women.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Trial
- Upper extremity muscle thickness, handgrip strength, manual dexterity and cognitive functions in older adults living in community and nursing homes : a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Estimating Muscle Parameters via Hierarchical Bayesian Neuromechanics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an imaging review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Ultrasound for body composition assessment: a narrative review.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of chronic low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields exposure on the contractility and morphology of biceps brachii in healthy adults-a randomized controlled, double-blind trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Uncovering sarcopenia and frailty in older adults by using muscle ultrasound-A narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Sex-Related Differences of Weight Bearing and Non-Weight Bearing Muscle Properties.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet Leads to Skeletal Muscle Loss and Bladder Dysfunction in Rat.Research and reports in urology · 2023Article
- Development of a Standard Push-up Scale for College-Aged Females.International journal of exercise science · 2022Article
- Ultrasound Imaging for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sarcopenia: An Umbrella Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A Comparison between Male and Female Athletes in Relative Strength and Power Performances.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2021Article
- Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update.European geriatric medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMuscular strength is suggested to be dependent upon muscle characteristics. Yet, sex-specific relationships of muscle characteristics to strength in the resistance-trained require investigation. Therefore, the purpose was to evaluate sex differences in muscle characteristics and isometric strength in the elbow extensors, as well as their respective associations.
methodsResistance-trained men (n = 15, mean ± SD 22 ± 4 years, 87.5 ± 12.8 kg, 16.9 ± 2.9% body fat) and women (n = 15, mean ± SD 25 ± 5 years, 59.3 ± 7.3 kg, 22.4 ± 4.2% body fat) were tested. B-mode ultrasound images assessed muscle thickness, pennation angle, and echo intensity. Muscle volume and fascicle length were estimated from previously validated equations. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction measured elbow extensors isometric strength. Independent samples t-tests and Fisher's r-to-z test examined differences between sexes.
resultsSex differences existed in all muscle characteristics (p < 0.05). Men's absolute strength (27.86 ± 3.55 kg) was significantly greater than women (16.15 ± 3.15 kg), but no differences were noted when controlling for muscle volume (men 0.069 ± 0.017, women 0.077 ± 0.022 kg/cm
conclusionsSex differences in isometric elbow extensor strength are eliminated when expressed relative to muscle volume. Relationships of echo intensity and body fat were different between men and women and may be indicative of greater adipose infiltration in women.
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