ArticleScientific reports2018
Gemcitabine treatment promotes immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic tumors by supporting the infiltration, growth, and polarization of macrophages.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemotherapeutics as Immune Modulators for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Synergistic interactions and optimal sequencing of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Soft Extrudable Dendritic Particles with Nanostructured Tendrils for Local Adhesion and Drug Release to Bladder Cancers.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- GPRC5A/CXCL8/NLRP3-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps drive gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2025Article
- RAW264.7 Macrophages as a Polarization Model in the Context of Pancreatic Cancer and Chemokine Release.Biology · 2025Article
- Gemcitabine: immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- New insights into SYK targeting in solid tumors.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- The double life of a chemotherapy drug: Immunomodulatory functions of gemcitabine in cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Syk Inhibition Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Overcomes Gemcitabine-Induced Immunosuppression in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Cancer research · 2023Article
- Systematic elucidation and pharmacological targeting of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell master regulators.Cancer cell · 2023Article
- Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates self-sustained quiescence, tumor indolence, and late clinical metastasis in a Beclin-1-dependent manner.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Article
- microRNAs Associated with Gemcitabine Resistance via EMT, TME, and Drug Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Immunogenic chemotherapy: great potential for improving response rates.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Direct cell-to-cell transfer in stressed tumor microenvironment aggravates tumorigenic or metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer.NPJ genomic medicine · 2022Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Enhanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Immunotherapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The immune modifying effects of chemotherapy and advances in chemo-immunotherapy.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Chemotherapy after PD-1 inhibitors in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: Outcomes and clonal evolution dynamics.British journal of haematology · 2022Article
- Resistance to Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Physiopathologic and Pharmacologic Review.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression poses an additional challenge to its limited efficacy in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here we investigated the effect of gemcitabine on macrophages, which are the first line of immune-defense mechanisms. We observed an increased presence of macrophages in orthotopic human pancreatic tumor xenografts from mice treated with gemcitabine as compared to those from vehicle only-treated mice. Conditioned media from gemcitabine-treated PC cells (Gem-CM) promoted growth, migration and invasion of RAW264.7 macrophage. In addition, Gem-CM also induced upregulation of M2-polarized macrophage markers, arginase-1 and TGF-β1. Cytokine profiling of gemcitabine-treated PC cells identified IL-8 as the most differentially-expressed cytokine. Incubation of Gem-CM with IL-8 neutralizing antibody diminished its ability to induce growth, migration and invasion of RAW264.7 macrophages, but did not abrogate their M2 polarization. Together, our findings identify IL-8 as an important mediator in the gemcitabine-induced infiltration of macrophages within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and suggest the requirement of additional mechanism(s) for macrophage polarization.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.