ArticleBMC plant biology2018
The antibiotic peptaibol alamethicin from Trichoderma permeabilises Arabidopsis root apical meristem and epidermis but is antagonised by cellulase-induced resistance to alamethicin.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- BioprospectingFrontiers in fungal biology · 2021Pooled it
- Regulation of Peptaibol Profile by Velvet LAE1/VEL1 inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Arabidopsis phospholipid modifications mediate cellulase-induced resistance to a fungal peptide antibiotic by imposing cell polarity.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- A review on the screening methods for the discovery of natural antimicrobial peptides.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2025Review
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- Deciphering the antimicrobial activity of multifaceted rhizospheric biocontrol agents of solanaceous cropsFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Peptaibol Production and Characterization fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic comparison sheds new light on regulatory networks for dimorphic flower development in response to photoperiod in Viola prionantha.BMC plant biology · 2022Article
- Making sense of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in the light of evolution.Evolutionary applications · 2020Article
- Substrate and Plant Genotype Strongly Influence the Growth and Gene Expression Response toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- YPR2 is a regulator of light modulated carbon and secondary metabolism in Trichoderma reesei.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- Structural Diversity and Bioactivities of Peptaibol Compounds From the Longibrachiatum Clade of the Filamentous Fungal GenusFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrichoderma fungi live in the soil rhizosphere and are beneficial for plant growth and pathogen resistance. Several species and strains are currently used worldwide in co-cultivation with crops as a biocontrol alternative to chemical pesticides even though little is known about the exact mechanisms of the beneficial interaction. We earlier found alamethicin, a peptide antibiotic secreted by Trichoderma, to efficiently permeabilise cultured tobacco cells. However, pre-treatment with Trichoderma cellulase made the cells resistant to subsequent alamethicin, suggesting a potential mechanism for plant tolerance to Trichoderma, needed for mutualistic symbiosis.
resultsWe here investigated intact sterile-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings germinated in water or growth medium. These could be permeabilised by alamethicin but not if pretreated with cellulase. By following the fluorescence from the membrane-impermeable DNA-binding probe propidium iodide, we found alamethicin to mainly permeabilise root tips, especially the apical meristem and epidermis cells, but not the root cap and basal meristem cells nor cortex cells. Alamethicin permeabilisation and cellulase-induced resistance were confirmed by developing a quantitative in situ assay based on NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase accessibility. The combined assays also showed that hyperosmotic treatment after the cellulase pretreatment abolished the induced cellulase resistance.
conclusionWe here conclude the presence of cell-specific alamethicin permeabilisation, and cellulase-induced resistance to it, in root tip apical meristem and epidermis of the model organism A. thaliana. We suggest that contact between the plasma membrane and the cell wall is needed for the resistance to remain. Our results indicate a potential mode for the plant to avoid negative effects of alamethicin on plant growth and localises the point of potential damage and response. The results also open up for identification of plant genetic components essential for beneficial effects from Trichoderma on plants.
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