ArticleJournal of addiction medicine
The More Things Change: Buprenorphine/naloxone Diversion Continues While Treatment Remains Inaccessible.
Article in Journal of addiction medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment-seeking behaviour among people with opioid use disorder in the high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Opioid withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain characteristics as correlates of health risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Concurrent Use of Extra-Medical Medication for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adults Prescribed Methadone or Buprenorphine: A Cohort Study of Urban Adults Who Have Injected Drugs.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- Combination of Cannabidiol and Low-Dose Buprenorphine Suggests Synergistic Analgesia and Attenuates Buprenorphine-Induced Respiratory Depression.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Article
- State-Mandated Opioid Use Disorder Treatment In Maryland Jails Helped Patients Recover Despite Gaps In Care.Health affairs (Project Hope) · 2025Article
- Association Between Cost-Sharing and Buprenorphine Prescription Abandonment.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Buprenorphine use and setting type among reproductive-aged women self-reporting nonmedical prescription opioid use.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Diversion of medications to treat opioid use disorder: Qualitative findings from formerly incarcerated adults in Massachusetts.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Examining buprenorphine diversion through a harm reduction lens: an agent-based modeling study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Buprenorphine and opioid analgesics: Dispensation and discontinuity among accidental overdose fatalities in the Indianapolis metropolitan area, 2016-2021.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Trajectories of non-prescribed buprenorphine and other opioid use: A multi-trajectory latent class growth analysis.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Buprenorphine involvement in opioid overdose deaths: A retrospective analysis of postmortem toxicology in Marion County, Indiana, 2015-2021.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Scope of, Motivations for, and Outcomes Associated with Buprenorphine Diversion in the United States: A Scoping Review.Substance use & misuse · 2023Article
- 'It's the same thing as giving them CPR training': rural first responders' perspectives on naloxone.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Toward evaluation of disseminated effects of medications for opioid use disorder within provider-based clusters using routinely-collected health data.Statistics in medicine · 2022Article
- Uncommon and preventable: Perceptions of diversion of medication for opioid use disorder in jail.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
- CommunityStat: A Public Health Intervention to Reduce Opioid Overdose Deaths in Burlington, Vermont, 2017-2020.Contemporary drug problems · 2022Article
- Alternative use of buprenorphine among people who use opioids in three U.S. Cities.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Misuse of Over the Counter and Prescription Only Medication by Adults Accessing Specialist Treatment Services in the UK: A Narrative Synthesis.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesBuprenorphine/naloxone, an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder, is sometimes diverted for non-medical use. In Rhode Island, the prevalence of opioid use and, more recently, of fentanyl in the illicit drug supply is driving overdose fatalities, which increases the need for treatment and raises questions about the changing role of diverted medication in shaping overdose risk.
methodsThis study considered data from 2 Rhode Island based studies (conducted in 2009 and 2016, respectively) of people who use illicit or diverted prescription opioids and their patterns of buprenorphine/naloxone diversion. Using targeted sampling, individuals who use opioids completed a brief questionnaire about their drug use. For the 2016 study, logistic regression was used to identify associations with recent and lifetime use of diverted medication.
resultsA total of 128 individuals who use opioids non-medically participated in the 2016 study. Of these, 38% (n = 13) reported diverted buprenorphine/naloxone use in the past 2 months, similar to the pattern observed in 2009 (41%, n = 41). Common motivations for using diverted medication included the management of withdrawal symptoms (40%, n = 35) and self-treatment of opioid use disorder (39%, n = 34). Few reported using to "get high" (12%, n = 4). Seeking buprenorphine/naloxone treatment in the previous 12 months was positively associated with using diverted medication in the past 2 months (odds ratio = 5.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.0-26.5, P = 0.05). Participants of both studies reported the same barriers to care in 2009 and 2016.
conclusionThe use of diverted/buprenorphine remains common among people who use opioids non-medically and indicates a severe shortage in treatment capacity and inaccessibility of existing services.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.