ArticleDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2019
Enterically delivered insulin tregopil exhibits rapid absorption characteristics and a pharmacodynamic effect similar to human insulin in conscious dogs.
Article in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- A one-week reduced-carbohydrate diet to mitigate iatrogenic peripheral hyperinsulinemia does not improve insulin sensitivity or endothelial function in a randomized, crossover trial in patients with type 1 diabetes.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Small Intestine-Targeted Long-Acting Oral Insulin Formulation Based on Engineered Milk Protein Nanoparticles.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Review
- Autoimmune Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Hallmarks So Far and Yet So Close to Explain Diabetes Endotypes.Current diabetes reports · 2021Review
- A Century of Progress in Diabetes Care with Insulin: A History of Innovations and Foundation for the Future.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2021Review
- Insulin-Loaded Barium Salt Particles Facilitate Oral Delivery of Insulin in Diabetic Rats.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Molecular engineering of safe and efficacious oral basal insulin.Nature communications · 2020Article
- The Peripheral Peril: Injected Insulin Induces Insulin Insensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2020Review
- Advances in oral peptide therapeutics.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsCurrent therapy fails to emulate rapid (first-phase) insulin release in relation to a meal, a key defect in types 1 and 2 diabetes. We aimed to quantify the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of insulin tregopil, an enterically-absorbed insulin analog that restores the normal distribution of insulin between the hepatic portal and peripheral circulations. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe PK and PD profiles of insulin tregopil were studied in overnight-fasted, catheterized, conscious canines using four approaches: (1) equimolar intraportal infusions of tregopil vs human insulin; (2) escalating doses of oral tregopil; (3) identical, consecutive enteric doses of tregopil; and (4) comparison of oral tregopil to inhaled and subcutaneous human insulin administration.
resultsEquimolar intraportal infusions of tregopil and human insulin resulted in very similar PK profiles and PD profiles were nearly identical. Enteric delivery of tregopil brought about rapid absorption with t
conclusionsEnterically delivered tregopil is rapidly absorbed and restores a portal-to-peripheral vascular distribution. These characteristics should improve postprandial hyperglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.