ReviewJornal brasileiro de nefrologia
The specific impact of uremic toxins upon cognitive domains: a review.
Review in Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in chronic kidney disease related cognitive impairment/dementia: a bibliometric analysis (2005-2025).Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Article
- Neuro-Renal Crosstalk Across the Chronic Kidney Disease Spectrum: Stage-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment-An Integrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease.Kidney medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Serum uric acid levels and longitudinal change in cognitive function in older adults: a sex-stratified population-based study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Altered tryptophan metabolism as a contributor to cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Research advances on acute kidney injury and brain dysfunction.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- Article
- Postoperative Delirium and Cognitive Dysfunction After Cardiac Surgery: The Role of Inflammation and Clinical Risk Factors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Nitroprusside on CKD-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats: Role of CBS and Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
- Higher C-reactive protein to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with hyperuricemia in diabetes and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Joint effects of elevated homocysteine levels and low eGFR on post-stroke cognitive impairment.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Challenges of Glycemic Control in People With Diabetes and Advanced Kidney Disease and the Potential of Automated Insulin Delivery.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Review
- Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Functional Network Connectivity in Neurologically Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2023Article
- Cognitive Sequelae and Hippocampal Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease following 5/6 Nephrectomy.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Uric Acid and Oxidative Stress-Relationship with Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Renal Impairment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Influence of Serum Uric Acid on the Brain and Cognitive Dysfunction.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Visuospatial and Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Kidney Failure: A Multilevel Modeling Analysis.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2022Article
- Insights into Cognitive Brain Health in Chronic Kidney Disease.Gerontology & geriatrics : research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the mechanisms proposed for chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related cognitive impairment is the accumulation of uremic toxins due to the deterioration of the renal clearance function. Cognition can be categorized into five major domains according to its information processing functions: memory, attention, language, visual-spatial, and executive. We performed a review using the terms 'uric acid', 'indoxyl sulfate', 'p-cresyl sulfate', 'homocysteine', 'interleukins' and 'parathyroid hormone'. These are the compounds that were found to be strongly associated with cognitive impairment in CKD in the literature. The 26 selected articles point towards an association between higher levels of uric acid, homocysteine, and interleukin 6 with lower cognitive performance in executive, attentional, and memory domains. We also reviewed the hemodialysis effects on cognition. Hemodialysis seems to contribute to an amelioration of CKD-related encephalopathic dysfunction, although this improvement occurs more in some cognitive domains than in others.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.