ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2018
Virtual memory cells make a major contribution to the response of aged influenza-naïve mice to influenza virus infection.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual memory CD8⁺ T cells in aging: heterogeneity, bystander protection, inflammatory potential, and inhibitory regulation.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Review
- Brain-infiltrating CD8 T cells retain functional activity to protect against acute Zika virus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Aiolos restricts the generation of antigen-inexperienced, virtual memory CD8Nature communications · 2025Article
- LCMV-mediated loss of virtual memory CD8 T cells yields a functionally enhanced T cell subset.iScience · 2025Article
- Bystander CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CD38 promotes LPS-induced innate-like activation and proliferation of CD8Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Unique immune profiles in collaborative cross mice linked to survival and viral clearance upon infection.iScience · 2024Article
- Brain resident memory T cells rapidly expand and initiate neuroinflammatory responses following CNS viral infection.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Roles of Virtual Memory T Cells in Diseases.Immune network · 2023Review
- Virtual Memory CD8Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2022Review
- Helminth exposure protects against murine SARS-CoV-2 infection through macrophage dependent T cell activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- The impact of lymphoid memory cells in different ages of COVID-19 patients.Gene reports · 2022Review
- Exploring the immunomodulatory role of virtual memory CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Signals for antigen-independent differentiation of memory CD8Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Aging and respiratory viral infection: from acute morbidity to chronic sequelae.Cell & bioscience · 2021Review
- Asymmetric cell division shapes naive and virtual memory T-cell immunity during ageing.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Phenotypic and Clonal Stability of Antigen-Inexperienced Memory-like T Cells across the Genetic Background, Hygienic Status, and Aging.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection in Collaborative Cross mice.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Low-Avidity CD4Immunity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA diverse repertoire of naïve T cells is thought to be essential for a robust response to new infections. However, a key aspect of aging of the T cell compartment is a decline in numbers and diversity of peripheral naïve T cells. We have hypothesized that the age-related decline in naïve T cells forces the immune system to respond to new infections using cross-reactive memory T cells generated to previous infections that dominate the aged peripheral T cell repertoire.
resultsHere we confirm that the CD8 T cell response of aged, influenza-naïve mice to primary infection with influenza virus is dominated by T cells that derive from the memory T cell pool. These cells exhibit the phenotypic characteristics of virtual memory cells rather than true memory cells. Furthermore, we find that the repertoire of responding CD8 T cells is constrained compared with that of young mice, and differs significantly between individual aged mice. After infection, these virtual memory CD8 T cells effectively develop into granzyme-producing effector cells, and clear virus with kinetics comparable to naïve CD8 T cells from young mice.
conclusionsThe response of aged, influenza-naive mice to a new influenza infection is mediated largely by memory CD8 T cells. However, unexpectedly, they have the phenotype of VM cells. In response to de novo influenza virus infection, the VM cells develop into granzyme-producing effector cells and clear virus with comparable kinetics to young CD8 T cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.