Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30092806›Full record

ArticleSubstance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy2018

Change and variability in drug treatment coverage among people who inject drugs in 90 large metropolitan areas in the USA, 1993-2007.

Barbara Tempalski, Charles M Cleland, Leslie D Williams, Hannah L F Cooper, Samuel R Friedman

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.5field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Barbara TempalskiInstitute for Infectious Disease Research, NDRI, Inc., 71 West 23rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA. templaski@ndri.org.ORCID 0000-0002-6128-2510
Charles M ClelandNew York University College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
Leslie D WilliamsInstitute for Infectious Disease Research, NDRI, Inc., 71 West 23rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
Hannah L F CooperRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Samuel R FriedmanInstitute for Infectious Disease Research, NDRI, Inc., 71 West 23rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
Emory University · USJohns Hopkins University · USNational Development and Research Institutes · USNew York University · US

Funding

Virology and Molecular Biomarkers CoreP30AI050409 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Ann M Chahroudi, Colleen F Kelley · 2002 to 2026
$74.0M
Transdisciplinary Theoretical Svnthesis and Development CoreP30DA011041 · NIDA · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY · PI Holly Hagan, Courtney McKnight · 1998 to 2026
$38.9M
Metropolitan Trajectories of HIV Epidemics, Drug Use, and Responses in US Key PopulationsR01DA037568 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI COOPER, HANNAH LF, FRIEDMAN, SAMUEL R · 2014 to 2018
$4.0M
Center for Drug Use & HIV Research P30DA011041NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI050409NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA011041NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA037568
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOur previous research has found low and stable mean drug treatment coverage among people who inject drugs (PWID) across 90 large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during 1993-2002. This manuscript updates previous estimates of change in drug treatment coverage for PWID in 90 MSAs during 1993-2007.

methodsOur drug treatment sample for calculating treatment coverage includes clients enrolled in residential or ambulatory inpatient/outpatient care, detoxification services, and methadone maintenance therapy at publicly- and privately-funded substance abuse agencies receiving public funds. Coverage was measured as the number of PWID in drug treatment, calculated by using data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, divided by numbers of PWID in each MSA. We modeled change in drug treatment coverage rates using a negative binomial mixed-effects model. Fixed-effects included an intercept and a main effect for time. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated for both average change from 1993 to 2007 and MSA-specific estimates of change in coverage rates.

resultsOn average over all MSAs, coverage was low in 1993 (6.1%) and showed no improvement from 1993 to 2007 (IRR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.86, 1.2). There was modest variability across MSAs in coverage in 1993 (log incidence rate SD = 0.36) as well as in coverage change from 1993 to 2007 (log IRR SD = 0.32). In addition, results indicate significant variability among MSAs in coverage.

conclusionsInadequate treatment coverage for PWID may produce a high cost to society in terms of the spread of overdose mortality and injection-related infectious diseases. A greater investment in treatment will likely be needed to have a substantial and more consistent impact on injection drug use-related harms. Future research should examine MSA-level predictors associated with variability in drug treatment coverage.

Indexed as

Urban PopulationHumansInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthModels, StatisticalSubstance Abuse, IntravenousUnited StatesChange over timeDrug treatment coverageMetropolitan statistical areasOpioidsPeople who inject drugs

Identifiers

PMID30092806
PMCPMC6085615
OpenAlexW2886506439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.