ArticlePediatric obesity2018
Bioactive components in human milk are differentially associated with rates of lean and fat mass deposition in infants of mothers with normal vs. elevated BMI.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Maternal Obesity Programs Offspring Hypothalamic Neurogenesis and Appetite: Mechanisms and Prevention of Hyperphagia-mediated Childhood Obesity
Prevention of Obesity in Infants of Overweight and Obese Women
Study of nUtrition in Postpartum and EaRly Life (SUPER): Beef Feeding Trial
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between maternal factors and milk hormone concentrations: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Alterations in Human Milk Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, and microRNAs in Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Compared With Healthy Controls: A Systematic Review and Network-Based Analysis.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Contents Are Associated with Maternal and Infant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Impact of Maternal Overweight and Obesity on Adipokines During Pregnancy and Lactation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Activating nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 in adipocyte stem cells rescues beige adipocyte metabolism impaired by excess early-life omega-6 fatty acids.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2025Article
- From Pregnancy to Breastfeeding: The Role of Maternal Exercise in Preventing Childhood Obesity.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Role of the biological active components of human milk on long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcome.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- NR2F2 Reactivation in Early-life Adipocyte Stem-like Cells Rescues Adipocyte Mitochondrial Oxidation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Long-term health risk of offspring born from assisted reproductive technologies.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- Article
- Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Human Milk Nutrient Composition Data is Critically Lacking in the United States and Canada: Results from a Systematic Scoping Review of 2017-2022.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Neonatal intake of Omega-3 fatty acids enhances lipid oxidation in adipocyte precursors.iScience · 2023Article
- High-intensity exercise increases breast milk adiponectin concentrations: a randomised cross-over study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Infant intakes of human milk branched chain amino acids are negatively associated with infant growth and influenced by maternal body mass index.Pediatric obesity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo model breastfed infant growth and body composition patterns over the first 4 months with multiple bioactive components of human milk (HM) and clinical factors (including maternal BMI status), which are related to growth.
methodsLongitudinal observation of infant growth and body composition from 0 to 4 months among 41 predominantly breastfed infants (25 mothers of Normal-weight and 16 mothers with overweight/obesity). Fasted morning HM samples were collected at 5 time-points. Macronutrients, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin, cytokines and n-6:n-3 esterified fatty acid ratio were measured. Infant weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ) trajectory, fat-free mass (FFM) gain, fat mass gain and %fat gain were modelled controlling for clinical covariates.
resultsHM insulin negatively associated with WLZ trajectory among infants of NW mothers (P = 0.028), but not associated with WLZ trajectory among infants of OW/Ob mothers. HM glucose (P < 0.001) was associated with slower rates of infant FFM gain. Infants of mothers with OW/Ob exhibited slower rates of FFM gain. HM protein, adiponectin and insulin concentrations, and n-6:n-3 ratio were all significant predictors in the model of infant fat mass gain (P < 0.03). Any amount of formula supplementation was associated with faster fat gain (P = 0.002). The model of %fat gain was similar to that of fat mass gain, excepting HM adiponectin was not a significant covariate, and a trend for maternal OW/Ob to correlate with faster %fat gain (P = 0.056).
conclusionsBioactive components in HM may contribute to regulation of partitioning of body composition, and these contributions may differ between mothers of normal-weight vs. with OW/Ob.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.