ArticleArthritis care & research2019
Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Consumption to Incidence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Prospective Cohort Study of Black Women.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- National, regional, and global prevalence of cigarette smoking among women/females in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Changing epidemiology of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in immigrants: A systematic review of population-based studies.Journal of autoimmunity · 2019Pooled it
- Discovery of Blood-Based Proteins That Mark Benzo[a]pyrene Modulation of Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Understanding Sex Differences in Autoimmune Diseases: Immunologic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Environmental Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through the Lens of Social Determinants of Health.Arthritis care & research · 2025Review
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Alcohol Consumption and Autoimmune Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women Observed in the Nurses' Health Study Cohorts.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Environment and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases: an overview and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Reduces Cell-Type Diversity and Stimulates Sex-Biased Damage Pathways in End Organs of Lupus-Prone Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Risk prediction models for incident systemic lupus erythematosus among women in the Nurses' health study cohorts using genetics, family history, and lifestyle and environmental factors.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2023Article
- Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk: The Role of Environmental Factors.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2022Review
- The role of environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions in the etiology of systemic lupus erythematous.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Association of a Combination of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors With Reduced Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Understanding the Concept of Pre-Clinical Autoimmunity: Prediction and Prevention of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Identifying Risk Factors and Developing Strategies Against Disease Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Life factors acting on systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- Association of macronutrients and dietary patterns with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in the Black Women's Health Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affects black women more frequently than other racial/gender groups. In past studies, largely consisting of white and Asian cohorts, cigarette smoking was associated with increased SLE risk, and moderate alcohol consumption was associated with decreased SLE risk. The aim of this study was to assess associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with the risk of incident SLE among black women, using data from a long-term, prospective, follow-up study.
methodsThe Black Women's Health Study enrolled 59,000 black women in 1995 and collected data on demographics, health status, and medical and lifestyle variables. Follow-up questionnaires that were given every 2 years identified incident disease and updated risk factors. Cases of incident SLE that met the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for SLE as updated in 1997 were confirmed through medical record review. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol intake with incidence of SLE.
resultsA total of 127 incident SLE cases from 1995 to 2015 (mean age 43 years at diagnosis) were confirmed. Compared to never smokers, the risk of SLE among ever smokers was elevated, but not significantly (HR 1.45 [95% CI 0.97-2.18]). Risk was similar for current and past smoking and increased nonsignificantly with increasing pack-years. The HR was 0.71 (95% CI 0.45-1.12) for current drinking relative to never drinking, with a HR of 0.43 (95% CI 0.19-0.96) for ≥4 drinks/week.
conclusionFindings from this large study of SLE risk among black women are consistent with previous results from studies in other populations of increased risk of SLE associated with cigarette smoking and decreased risk with moderate alcohol consumption.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.