ArticleToxicology research2018
Systematic toxicity investigation of graphene oxide: evaluation of assay selection, cell type, exposure period and flake size.
Article in Toxicology research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Particle dissolution rate controls macrophage response and drug release from mesoporous silica inhalation carriers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advanced Flexible Bioelectrodes for Next-Generation Implantable Triboelectric Nanogenerators.International journal of biomaterials · 2026Article
- The Role and Future of Functional Graphenic Materials in Biomedical and Human Health Applications.Biomacromolecules · 2025Review
- Attenuation of Chronic Inflammation in Intestinal Organoids with Graphene Oxide-Mediated Tumor Necrosis Factor-α_Small Interfering RNA Delivery.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2024Article
- Design and synthesis of nano-biomaterials based on graphene and local delivery of cerebrolysin into the injured spinal cord of mice, promising neural restoration.Nanoscale advances · 2024Article
- Role of Chemical Reduction and Formulation of Graphene Oxide on Its Cytotoxicity towards Human Epithelial Bronchial Cells.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Integrating structure annotation and machine learning approaches to develop graphene toxicity models.Carbon · 2023Article
- Insights of Platinum Drug Interaction with Spinel Magnetic Nanocomposites for Targeted Anti-Cancer Effect.Cancers · 2023Article
- Understanding the Role of the Lateral Dimensional Property of Graphene Oxide on Its Interactions with Renal Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Coating of Flexible PDMS Substrates through Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) with a New-Concept Biocompatible Graphenic Material.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Graphene Oxide (GO): A Promising Nanomaterial against Infectious Diseases Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Characteristics of Graphene Oxide for Gene Transfection and Controlled Release in Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cell Chirality as a Novel Measure for Cytotoxicity.Advanced biology · 2022Review
- Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Coated with Glycol Chitosan, Propylene Glycol Alginate, and Polydopamine: Characterization and Cytotoxicity in Human Chondrocytes.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Three-Dimensional Quantitative Intracellular Visualization of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles by Tomographic Flow Cytometry.Nano letters · 2021Article
- Graphene oxide lamellar membrane with enlarged inter-layer spacing for fast preconcentration and determination of trace metal ions.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Article
- Cetuximab-conjugated perfluorohexane/gold nanoparticles for low intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer treatment.Science and technology of advanced materials · 2021Article
- Graphene-Wrapped Copper Nanoparticles: An Antimicrobial and Biocompatible Nanomaterial with Valuable Properties for Medical Uses.ACS omega · 2020Article
- Characterization of carotid endothelial cell proliferation on Au, Au/GO, and Au/rGO surfaces by electrical impedance spectroscopy.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials is essential for the safe and sustainable development of new applications. This is particularly true for a nanomaterial as widely used as graphene oxide (GO), which is utilized as films for electronics, membranes for filtration, drug carriers and more. Despite this, the current literature presents conflicting results on the overall toxicity of GO. Here, the cytotoxicity of three sizes of commercially available GO was investigated on six cell lines, as values of NOAEL/LOAEL. The effectiveness of four viability assays was also evaluated. The overall toxicity of GO greatly varied between cell lines; the suspension cells showed a greater response to the GO treatment compared to the adherent cell lines. Time dependent cytotoxicity was also cell line dependent, with only one cell line demonstrating obvious dependence. The six cell lines were also tested to evaluate their response to varying GO flake sizes: the suspension/phagocytic cells showed little variation in viability, while a difference was observed for the adherent/non-phagocytic cell lines. By systematically studying the effect of dose, GO size and treatment time for the six cell lines by using commercially available GO samples, we eliminate many of the variables which may result in the conflicting reports on the cytotoxicity of GO in the literature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.