ArticlePloS one2018
MiR-221 negatively regulates innate anti-viral response.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal Follow-Up of microRNA Expression During Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Hosts.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- miR-221 Exerts Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects against HSV-1 Through Direct Repression of CAMK2A and Immune Pathway Activation.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Transcription factor ELF4 in physiology and diseases: Molecular roles and clinical implications.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Noncoding RNA circuitry in melanoma onset, plasticity, and therapeutic response.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Review
- A bioinformatic approach of targeting SARS-CoV-2 replication by silencing a conserved alternative reserve of the orf8 gene using host miRNAs.Computers in biology and medicine · 2022Article
- Expression characteristics and interaction networks of microRNAs in spleen tissues of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).PloS one · 2022Article
- High Interferon Signature Leads to Increased STAT1/3/5 Phosphorylation in PBMCs From SLE Patients by Single Cell Mass Cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- gga-miR-142-3p negatively regulates Mycoplasma gallisepticum (HS strain)-induced inflammatory cytokine production via the NF-κB and MAPK signaling by targeting TAB2.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Article
- Downregulation of microRNA‑221 facilitates H1N1 influenza A virus replication through suppression of type‑IFN response by targeting the SOCS1/NF‑κB pathway.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Sex differences in antiviral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Mitochondria and mitomiR come into view.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Review
- A MicroRNA Network ControlsmBio · 2020Article
- Duck Tembusu Virus Utilizes miR-221-3p Expression to Facilitate Viral ReplicationFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Maintenance of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Persistence Inferred From Genes Differentially Expressed in Nasopharyngeal Epithelia of Virus Carriers and Non-carriers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Fine-Tuning of Type I Interferon Response by STAT3.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Inflammation and Tolerance in Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- MicroRNA-221-5p Inhibits Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Replication by Targeting Genomic Viral RNA and Activating the NF-κB Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system plays a critical role in the initial antiviral response. However, the timing and duration of these responses must be tightly regulated during infection to ensure appropriate immune cell activation and anti-viral defenses. Here we demonstrate that during antiviral response, a negative regulator miR-221 was also induced in an ELF4-dependent manner. We further show that ELF4 promotes miR-221 expression through direct binding to its promoter. Overexpression and knockdown assay show that miR-221 can negatively regulate IFNβ production in time of virus infection. RNA-seq analysis of miR-221 overexpressed cells revealed multiple candidate targets. Taken together, our study identified a novel negative microRNA regulator of innate antiviral response, which is dependent on ELF4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.