Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30087454›Full record

ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2018

Racial/ethnic differences in necrotizing enterocolitis incidence and outcomes in premature very low birth weight infants.

Momodou L Jammeh, Obinna O Adibe, Elisabeth T Tracy, Henry E Rice, Reese H Clark, P Brian Smith, Rachel G Greenberg

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
  4. Exploring Social and Demographic Factors as Determinants of Intestinal Inflammation in Very Low Birth-Weight Infants.Advances in neonatal care : official journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses · 2021
    Trial
  5. Photoacoustic imaging of intestinal physiological biomarkers in infants and children.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  6. Necrotizing enterocolitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Momodou L JammehDuke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
Obinna O AdibeDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Elisabeth T TracyDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Henry E RiceDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
Reese H ClarkPediatrix-Obstetrix Center for Research and Education, Sunrise, FL, USA.
P Brian SmithDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
Rachel G GreenbergDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA. rachel.greenberg@duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4156-8543

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs advances in neonatal intensive care increase the survival of extremely premature infants, the at-risk population for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) continues to rise. Although racial health disparities in preterm births have been well documented, large-scale studies exploring racial differences in NEC outcomes are lacking. Here, we conduct a study of racial health disparities in NEC using a nationally representative multicenter cohort. STUDY

designInfants ≤1500 g birth weight and ≤30 weeks gestational age admitted in the first week after birth to neonatal intensive care units in the Pediatrix Medical group from 1997 to 2015 were included. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of risk factors related to NEC and associated mortality.

resultsOf the 126,089 (45% non-Hispanic White, 27% non-Hispanic Black, and 19% Hispanic) infants who met the inclusion criteria, 8796 (7%) developed NEC. On multivariable analysis, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants had higher odds of developing NEC (AOR 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.24-1.39], p < 0.001 and AOR 1.30 [1.21-1.39], p < 0.001, respectively). Among infants with NEC, mortality was higher in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants compared to non-Hispanic White infants (AOR 1.35 [1.15-1.58], p < 0.001 and AOR 1.31 [1.09-1.56], p = 0.003, respectively).

conclusionOur study demonstrates that non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants are significantly more likely to be diagnosed with NEC. In addition, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic infants have higher odds of death after NEC compared to non-Hispanic White infants. Further studies are necessary to investigate the etiology of these health disparities and to test interventions to improve these health outcomes.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesInfant, PrematureInfant, Very Low Birth WeightBirth WeightBlack or African AmericanCohort StudiesEnterocolitis, NecrotizingFemaleGestational AgeHispanic or LatinoHumansIncidenceInfantInfant MortalityInfant, NewbornLogistic Models

Identifiers

PMID30087454

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.