Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30086434›Full record

Trial reportJournal of affective disorders2018

Medical and non-medical marijuana use in depression: Longitudinal associations with suicidal ideation, everyday functioning, and psychiatry service utilization.

Amber L Bahorik, Stacy A Sterling, Cynthia I Campbell, Constance Weisner, Danielle Ramo, Derek D Satre

Open access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of affective disorders, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Observational
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Developing an online cannabis store paradigm for Cannabis Regulatory Science.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Prevalence of cannabidiol use and correlates in U.S. adults.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Amber L BahorikDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region, 2000 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, United States. Electronic address: amber.bahorik@ucsf.edu.
Stacy A SterlingDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region, 2000 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
Cynthia I CampbellDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region, 2000 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
Constance WeisnerDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region, 2000 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
Danielle RamoDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
Derek D SatreDepartment of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region, 2000 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
Kaiser Permanente · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Substance Use Disorders Treatment/Services Research Training ProgramT32DA007250 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Derek D Satre, Janice Y Tsoh · 1991 to 2026
$7.4M
Motivational Interviewing to Reduce Substance Use Among Depression PatientsR01AA020463 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SATRE, DEREK D · 2010 to 2012
$973k
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA020463NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007250
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMarijuana use is clinically problematic in depression, and non-medical and medical use may both contribute to barriers to care in this population. Among outpatients with depression, we examined the differential impact of medical or non-medical marijuana use, relative to no-use, on psychopathology and service use over time.

methodParticipants were 307 psychiatry outpatients participating in a trial of drug/alcohol use treatment for depression. Measures of past 30-day marijuana use, depression/anxiety symptoms, psychiatry visits, and functional data related to health status were collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Regressions (baseline and 1 year) and growth models (over time) predicted clinical and psychiatry visit outcomes, from medical or non-medical marijuana use (no-use = reference).

resultsAt baseline, 40.0% of the sample used marijuana and more reported non-medical (71.7%) than medical (28.2%) use. Relative to non-users at baseline, patients using medically had worse mental/physical health functioning (p's < 0.05), and non-medical use was associated with higher suicidal ideation (B = 1.08, p = .002), worse mental health functioning (B = -3.79, p = .015), and fewer psychiatry visits (B = -0.69, p = .009). Patients using non-medically over time improved less in depression symptoms (B = 1.49, p = .026) and suicidal ideation (B = 1.08, p = .003) than non-users. LIMITATIONS: Participants were psychiatry outpatients, limiting generalizability.

conclusionsMarijuana use, especially non-medical use, among patients with depression may impede depression symptom improvement while lessening the likelihood of psychiatry visits. Marijuana use and associated barriers to care should receive consideration by depression treatment providers.

Indexed as

Suicidal IdeationActivities of Daily LivingAdultDepressive DisorderFemaleHumansMaleMarijuana SmokingMedical MarijuanaMental Health ServicesMiddle AgedOutpatientsPatient Acceptance of Health CareSurveys and QuestionnairesMedical MarijuanaCannabisDepressionMarijuana useMedical marijuanaNon-medical marijuanaPsychiatry treatmentRecreationalSuicidal ideation

Identifiers

PMID30086434
PMCPMC6455811
OpenAlexW2884303085

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.