ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2018
The chemokine CXCL13 in cerebrospinal fluid in children with Lyme neuroborreliosis.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care CXCL13 Measurements for Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Distinct Clinico-pathogenic Subgroups in Pediatric Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- From forest floor to doctor's office: the immunological journey ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of changes in the chemokine CXC ligand 13 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optica.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- CXCL13 in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Clinical Value in a Large Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical manifestations of Lyme neuroborreliosis in children: a review.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- CXCL13 in laboratory diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis-the performance of the recomBead and ReaScan CXCL13 assays in human cerebrospinal fluid samples.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
- The Usefulness of Two CXCL13 Assays on Cerebrospinal Fluid for the Diagnosis of Lyme Neuroborreliosis: a Retrospective Study in a Routine Clinical Setting.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- Lyme Neuroborreliosis in Children.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Lyme neuroborreliosis in Swedish children-PCR as a complementary diagnostic method for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in cerebrospinal fluid.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
- The predictive value of CXCL13 in suspected Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective cross-sectional study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2020Article
- Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) in Neuroborreliosis and Neurosyphilis as Selected Spirochetal Neurological Diseases: A Review of Its Diagnostic Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
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5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Anti-Borrelia antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are required for definite diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB). However, children often present with early LNB, and antibody production in the CSF may not be demonstrated. Recent studies have suggested the chemokine CXCL13 to be an early marker for LNB. The aim of the study was to evaluate CXCL13 for laboratory diagnosis in pediatric LNB patients and to evaluate the association with pleocytosis in CSF, clinical features, and recovery. CSF samples were collected from LNB patients, classified as definite LNB (n = 44) or possible LNB (n = 22), and controls classified as non-LNB (n = 102) or other specific diagnoses (n = 23). CSF samples were analyzed with the recomBead CXCL13 assay (Mikrogen Diagnostik, Germany), cut-off 160 pg/mL. CXCL13 was significantly higher in LNB patients compared to controls (p < 0.001). Among LNB patients, 58/66 had elevated CXCL13, and among controls, 111/125 had CXCL13 levels under cut-off (sensitivity 88%, specificity 89%). In LNB patients with pleocytosis but no detectable anti-Borrelia antibodies in CSF (possible LNB), CXCL13 was elevated in 16/22 (73%). A weak correlation between CXCL13 and pleocytosis in CSF was found in LNB patients (Rho = 0.46, p < 0.01), but no differences in CXCL13 levels in relation to specific clinical features. In conclusion, CXCL13 is elevated in CSF in children with LNB, showing acceptable sensitivity and specificity. In patients with possible LNB, CXCL13 was elevated in a majority of cases (73%) and is suggested as a complementary diagnostic tool in pediatric LNB patients. CXCL13 was not associated with specific clinical features or recovery.
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